Skip to main content

Meyer Sound Documentation

User Guide — MAPP 3D

In this section:
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
mapp3D-Icon-300x300.png
product_logo_mapp_3d-300x53.png

System design and prediction tool

Welcome to Meyer Sound Labs MAPP 3D User Guide. The user guide provides the information needed to create projects, along with reference materials.

meyer-blue-rule-line.png
Overview
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP 3D presents users with an intuitive interface to create 3D models of venues, add loudspeakers and microphones, and optimize a system design using Meyer Sound Labs products. This page provides detailed information about the MAPP 3D interface and functions.

Operating systems
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP 3D runs on the current versions of MacOS and Windows operating systems. Though it may operate on earlier operating system versions, proper operation has not been tested.

Video monitor display
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP 3D supports 1280×768 up to HD and Retina resolution displays. Higher resolutions may scale incorrectly or cause application instability. Please update graphics drivers to the latest version, which may enable 4k resolution.

Welcome window
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
WelcomeUpdate1.png
Procedure. The welcome window offers several options:
  1. Create an empty project

  2. Open an existing project from a storage device

  3. Activate/deactivate the MAPP 3D application

  4. Open recent projects (lists recently opened/saved projects)

  5. Open a template (displays available MAPP 3D project templates)

Click Choose after selecting a recent Project or Template. Click Cancel to close the application.

Project properties
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When a new project is created, the Project Properties window is displayed. Basic information about the project and venue can be recorded here. This information is saved as part of the project file (.mapp).

project-properties-768x423.png

Project Properties

Main application window
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
Main_App_Window_Overview3.png
  1. Inventory/Express Settings tabs

    Inventory: View All selected; click icons Screen-Shot-2020-03-10-at-15_53_22.png to display only Geometry, Signal Processors, Loudspeaker Systems, or Microphones.

    Express Settings: Use the drop-down menu at the top of the tab to select an object; displays the common properties for editing. For all object properties, use the Object Settings tab.

  2. Generator Gain Level

    Adjustment of signal level for all loudspeakers in model; affects SPL values.

  3. Generator Signal Type

    Pink Noise, B-Noise, or M-Noise; see definitions.

  4. Pressure Map Settings

    Select bandwidth, frequency range, and center frequency of prediction (SPL values valid only for bandwidth and frequency selected—use Headroom tab for broadband SPL).

    Click Predict to generate an SPL/Attenuation map for any geometry that has been selected for prediction in the geometry’s Object Settings. Click Clear to remove all of the prediction data.

  5. SPL Data

    Displays Maximum and Minimum dBSPL(z-unweighted) and the SPL difference across selected prediction planes.

  6. Power Calculation

    Select to open the Amperage and BTU calculator at meyersound.com to calculate system current requirements and thermal dissipation.

  7. Tools

    Select, Pan, Orbit, Distance Tape Measure, Scale, Rotate, Align, Mirror, Zoom In, Zoom Out, Zoom to Extents, and Array.

  8. Primitives/Modifiers Tabs

    Primitives: select 2D/3D Primitive presets or Free Draw to add to model.

    Modifiers: provides tools to modify 2D/3D Primitives.

  9. Properties/Layers Tabs

    Properties: select Geometry in Model tab; displays basic settings of selected Geometry; can edit.

    Layers: click name once to select as current; can rename; provides lock/unlock, show/hide, Add and Delete buttons.

  10. Viewport

    Select view displayed in Model tab; click Create New to open Camera (View Point) Management window.

  11. Project File Name

    Displays current project file name.

  12. Contextual Pop-Up Menu

    Right-click in Model to open. Left, standard menu. Right, with imported drawing, includes Select Snapping Tool.

  13. SPL/ATT Scale

    Sound Pressure Level or Attenuation Scale: selected via FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS, SPL tab. SPL plot values are only for the selected bandwidth, up to one octave wide.

  14. Main Tabs

    Select Model View, Object Settings, Processor Settings, or Measurement View.

  15. View Preset Drop-Down

    Select view (camera) position from the default or custom views (created by clicking Create New in Viewport tab).

Main window tabs
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

At the top of the Main Window, there is a row of tabs used to switch between Model View, Object Settings, Processor Settings, and Measurement View 14.svg.

Note

Tabs can be un-docked from the application window by double-clicking the tab. To re-dock the tab, double-click the top bar of the un-docked tab.

Model View
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Displays the Model Space, including any geometry, loudspeakers, microphones, and imported graphics. Change the view using the drop-down in the upper left  15.svg or the Viewport controls 10.svg.

Model_View_Tab3.png

Model Tab – Single Viewport, Multiple Viewport

Object settings
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Displays editable properties of geometry, loudspeakers, and microphones. Select one object in the Model tab, and then switch to the Object Settings tab. Objects on locked layers are not editable.

Object_Settings_Tab2.png

Object Settings Tab – Select One Object In Model Tab, Switch to Object Settings Tab

Processor settings
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Displays control points for signal processor parameters. These controls can be bi-directional with Compass to control the settings of a Galileo GALAXY processor. Use TOOLS > SIGNAL PROCESSING MANAGEMENT to link.

Processor_Settings2.png

Processor Tab – All Processor Controls

Measurement view
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The data for microphones inserted in the model is plotted in the Measurement View tab, including transfer functions, impulse response, 1/3 octave output levels, and maximum SPL.

Measurement_View2.png

Measurement View – Frequency & IFFT Response, Headroom

Additional tabs
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Cameras
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Used in Model View, there are preset views and custom views that can be saved and recalled. Change the view from the drop-down in the upper left of the Model View tab 15.svg or by selecting an option from the Viewport tab 10.svg. The Viewport tab has four Viewport preset buttons and the Multiple Viewport toggle. The Create New camera view button opens the Camera Management window, where Cameras are managed, or TOOLS > CAMERA MANAGEMENT.

Camera_4.png

Camera Selection, Viewport Buttons, Camera Management Window

Inventory
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Located on the left side of the application window 1.svg , the Inventory tab provides an overview of all the objects in the project. Objects must be on an unlocked layer to modify them.

  • Click the icons at the top of the menu Screen-Shot-2020-03-10-at-15_53_22.png  to minimize all but the selected type.

  • Select the Screen-Shot-2020-03-10-at-15_50_35.png icon for each object type to collapse or expand the list of individual object.

  • Click a listed object once to select the object in the model.

  • Select, then press DELETE on the keyboard to delete.

  • Double-click the name of an object and enter new text to rename.

Inv-Exp_Set3.png

Inventory Tab

Express Settings
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Express Settings are located on the left side of the application window 1.svg. To display and edit basic settings, use the drop-down menu at the top to select different objects. To edit all object parameters, select the object in the model and switch to Object Settings tab 14.svg. For numeric entry, select value and enter a new value or use up/down arrow keys to increase/decrease value. Objects must be on an unlocked layer to be modified.

Express2.png

Express Settings Tab

Tools
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Located on the top, right side of the application window7.svg , the Tools tab uses icons to represent a collection of actions and functions that can manipulate both the objects in the model and the appearance of the model. These tools apply to all entities that are visible in Model View: geometry, loudspeakers, and microphones.

Tools_Defs3.png

Available Tools In Model Tab

Primitives
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

These icons represent the primitive shapes that can be added to the model and modified 8.svg. Primitives are used to represent the geometry of the venue or are added to CAD drawings where pressure plots are desired. Primitive types include 3D shapes, 2D shapes, and a Free Draw option. The Free Draw tool is used to create polygons by entering coordinates or clicking in the Model View for each vertex.

Primitives2.png

Available Primitives

Modifiers
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Primitives can be manipulated in various ways by using modifiers 8.svg. Extrude and Trim modifiers apply to only 2D Primitives. Offset modifies both 2D and 3D Primitives. Union, Intersect, and Subtract apply only to 3D Primitives. Objects must be on an unlocked layer to be modified.

Screen-Shot-2020-03-10-at-16_40_01.png

Modifiers – 2D and 3D

Properties
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When a Primitive is selected, its properties will be displayed in the Primitives tab 9.svg. Different properties will be displayed depending on the geometry that is selected, but generally include position, orientation, and size. Objects must be on an unlocked layer to be modified.

Screen-Shot-2020-03-10-at-16_50_12.png

Object Properties

Layers
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

All layers in the project are listed under this tab 9.svg. Layers embedded in an imported DXF or SKP are also listed. Layers can be toggled between, locked/unlocked, made visible/hidden and renamed. Use the ADD and DELETE buttons to modify layers.  It can be helpful to hide certain layers to work within a model. Use the Layer Management window to change layer colors, merge layers, and make bulk changes.

Layer_Tab3.png

Layers Tab, Layer Management Window

Other interface features
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
Generate documents

Use File > Export to select documents to create.

Ex_Docs.png

File > Export sub-menu – available documents

Signal processor connection

TOOLS > SIGNAL PROCESSOR MANAGEMENT opens a window to manage processor connections. The processors used in the MAPP 3D Project can be connected to real or virtual Galileo GALAXY processors. The settings can be pushed either direction when connecting MAPP 3D to Galileo GALAXY processors. Control is bi-directional once settings are synchronized.

Sync_Proc3.png

Inventory – Signal Processor tab, Signal Processor Management window, Galileo GALAXY signal processors

Generate documents
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Use FILE > EXPORT to select documents to create.

Figure 1.
Ex_Docs.png

File > Export Sub Menu – Available Documents



Signal processor connection
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

TOOLS > SIGNAL PROCESSOR MANAGEMENT opens a window to manage processor connections. The processors used in the MAPP 3D Project can be connected to real or virtual Galileo GALAXY processors. The settings can be pushed in either direction when connecting MAPP 3D to Galileo GALAXY processors. Control is bi-directional once settings are synchronized.

Sync_Proc3.png

Inventory – Signal Processor Tab, Signal Processor Management Window, Galileo GALAXY Signal Processors

Getting started
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP 3D Installation and Activation
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Below are the steps to download, install, and activate MAPP 3D. Loudspeaker data is not included with the installation file. Please find the link at the bottom of this page or use the menu above (START > UPDATES) for loudspeaker data download instructions.

Download
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
Procedure. To download MAPP 3D:
  1. Visit meyersound.com, login, or create an account.

  2. Visit meyersound.com/product/mapp-3d or from meyersound.com, click PRODUCTS in the page menu, scroll down, and select MAPP 3D to open the product page.

  3. From the MAPP 3D product page, click ACCOUNT in the page menu at the top.

mapp-3d-account-page.png

MAPP 3D Account Page, Download MAPP 3D

meyer-blue-rule-line.png
Procedure. To install MAPP 3D on macOS
  1. Locate, then launch the MAPP 3D_1.x.x.dmg application installer.

  2. Read and click AGREE to the terms of the end user license agreement.

    Reg2EULA.png

    Read And Agree To End User Agreement

  3. Drag the application to the Applications folder.

    dmgInstall.png

    Drag App to Applications Folder

  4. Click the arrow/line button to eject MAPP3D.

    Eject_DMG.png

    Eject MAPP 3D

  5. In the /Applications folder, locate MAPP3D-Release and click once. Select the MAPP 3D.app to launch the application.

    Note

    There may be a security warning when launching the application for the first time. This is normal, please click through.

macOS_Finder_MAPP_3D2.png

Launch MAPP 3D.app

meyer-blue-rule-line.png
Procedure. To install MAPP3D on Windows
  1. Double-click the MSI application installation file.

  2. Click NEXT to start installation.

    WinIns1.png

    Start Install? – Click NEXT

  3. Read and click AGREE to terms of the end user license agreement.

    WinIns2.png

    Select Installation Destination

  4. Use the default location or select another location to install the application.

    WinIns3.png

    Select Installation Destination

  5. Select affirmative options in each of the dialogs.

    WinInst_4578_2.png

    Click Affirmative Choices for All Dialogs

  6. Launch the application from Explorer or the desktop shortcut.

    Explorer3DAPP5.png

    Launch MAPP 3D Application From Explorer or Desktop Shortcut

Activate MAPP 3D
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When the application opens, the Welcome to MAPP 3D pop-up opens.

Procedure. To activate websiteMAPP 3D:
  1. Click the ACTIVATE MAPP 3D button.

    Note

    Opens web page: https://meyersound.com/product/mapp-3d/#account

    WelcomeActivate.png

    Click ACTIVATE MAPP 3D Button

  2. Select the MY DEVICES tab. Enter a user-defined NEW DEVICE NAME and click the ADD button.

    Reg3MyDevices2.png

    Enter New Device Name, Click ADD

  3. Hover your mouse over the Reservation Code and left-click to copy the Reservation Code to the clipboard (not the usual right-click or CMD-C/CTRL-C to copy).

    Reg3RegCodeCopy3.png

    Click to Copy Registration Code

  4. Return to the MAPP 3D application with the open User Registration pop-up.

    WelcomeUserRegistration.png

    Return to the MAPP 3D Application

  5. Fill the fields of the User Registration window:

    • Enter the same email address used to login to the web site

    • Paste Reservation code

    • Enter the associated Device Name

    • Click REGISTER

    Reg5MAPP3D.png

    MAPP 3D – Enter the Username, Reservation Code, and Device Name, Click Register

    Important

    • Loudspeaker data is not included in the application. Please follow the link at the bottom of this page for instructions to download the loudspeaker data.

    • MAPP 3D must be opened once every 30 days while the host computer is connected to the Internet to validate the application authorization.

    When completed, the Successful Activation pop-up window will open (below). If this confirmation is not displayed, please visit www.meyersound.com/contact, and select Technical Support.

    Install_Confirmation.png

    Registration Confirmation

  6. Click OK to close the Successfully Activated pop-up. The MAPP 3D Software Update window automatically opens. Select models of loudspeakers or select INSTALL ALL to download loudspeaker data sets. See the Application and Loudspeaker Data Updates page for further information.

Managing devices
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

To activate or deactivate the MAPP 3D application, open the Welcome pop-up in MAPP 3D by launching the application or closing all open projects. Click the two-state button, Deactivate MAPP 3D / Activate MAPP 3D. When the application is deactivated, click the Activate MAPP 3D, which opens the User Registration dialog in MAPP 3D and the MAPP 3D Account web page. Use the information from the MAPP 3D Account web page to fill the User Registration dialog in MAPP 3D.

Two devices can be activated for each MAPP 3D account. From the application, select HELP > MANAGE MAPP 3D ACCOUNT to open MAPP 3D Account web page. Click MY DEVICES. Add and remove devices as desired.

Reg6AcctMngmt.png

Account Management – Add / Remove Devices, Maximum Two Per User

Update application, help, and loudspeaker data
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The MAPP 3D application does not include loudspeaker data with the installation file. This approach allows new data sets to be added without installing a new version of the application. Below are the steps to download loudspeaker data.

MAPP 3D Update

Currently, MAPP 3D application updates are made through a distributed application installation file. In the future, MAPP 3D will offer application updates within the software.

Online Help Update

Currently, MAPP 3D Help is available while online. In the future, MAPP 3D Help will be made available for download.

Loudspeaker Data Update

If this is the first launch of the application after installation, click CREATE EMPTY PROJECT. Then, in the PROJECT PROPERTIESdialog, click OK.

Procedure. To update loudspeaker data:
  1. Navigate to HELP > CHECK FOR UPDATES

    Software_Update.png

    Software Update – Update The Application, Help, And Manage Loudspeaker Data

  2. Select INSTALL from the drop-downs for each Speaker Type that may be used.

    Note

    Select RIGGING from the top of the Speaker Type list to download all rigging elements.

    SU_DropDowns.png

    Use The Drop-Down Menus To Select An Action For Each Loudspeaker Type

  3. Click APPLY to make the selected changes; the download will start.

  4. Click DONE to close the Update window.

Check for updates
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
MAPP 3D Update
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Currently, MAPP 3D application updates are made through a distributed application installation file. In the future, MAPP 3D will offer application updates within the software.

Online Help Update
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Currently, MAPP 3D Help is available while online. In the future, MAPP 3D Help will be made available for download.

Loudspeaker Data Update
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

If this is the first launch of the application after installation, click CREATE EMPTY PROJECT. Then, in the PROJECT PROPERTIES dialog, click OK.

  1. Navigate to HELP > CHECK FOR UPDATES

  2. Select INSTALL from the drop-downs for each Speaker Type that may be used.

    Note

    Select RIGGING from the top of the Speaker Type list to download all rigging elements.

    SU_DropDowns.png

    Use The Drop-Down Menus To Select An Action For Each Loudspeaker Type

  3. Click APPLY to make the selected changes; the download will start.

  4. Click DONE to close the Update window.

MAPP XT user reference
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

This information is intended to identify the differences between MAPP 3D and XT, making your first uses of MAPP 3D more efficient and productive, and less frustrating.

General differences
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

No Internet connection is needed to predict results. MAPP 3D is ‘offline,’ meaning there is no client/server connection utilized for prediction.

The loudspeaker and rigging data is not included in the application installation file. Open HELP > CHECK FOR UPDATES, select Rigging and the desired loudspeaker models for download. This prevents having to install a new version of the application when a new loudspeaker model is available.

MAPP 3D will need to validate the application authorization once every 30 days while the host computer is connected to the Internet.

Note

MAPP 3D projects are saved with the file extension: .mapp

Application operations
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • Double-click tabs to un-dock, and double-click window header to re-doc.

  • When entering values or coordinates, select a value (click), and type a new value or press up/down keyboard arrows.

  • When naming objects and layers, use a capitalization scheme to easily identify object types, e.g., LOUDSPEAKERS, Geometry, microphones.

Model view
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

In the Model View tab, right-click to open contextual or pop-up menu.

  • Pan model: hold SHIFT, click-hold, and move mouse.

  • Orbit model: hold SPACE, click-hold, and move mouse.

  • Zoom with mouse wheel or Tools.

  • Zoom to Extents, use this tool button: Zoom_Ext_Icon.png.

Venue drawing
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • See BUILD > NAVIGATION in the site menu above regarding the Coordinate System used in the 3D model space

  • See BUILD > ADD PRIMITIVES and QUICK DRAW VENUE in the site menu above for information about drawing venues

  • Edit the properties of geometry in the Properties tab or Object Settings tab

When adding Primitives, select a non-isometric or “flat” view (Top, Left, Right, Front, or Rear) to add geometry on an axis with a zero value. This is illustrated below:

Free_Draw_Multiple_Viewports_3.gif

To Add Primitive Flat on an Axis, Add Primitive in Flat Viewport

Predictions in Model View
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Instead of visualizing sound pressure in air, Primitives are added and selected for prediction. These Prediction Planes can be offset from the geometry to represent ear height.

The pressure plot colors can represent SPL (new) or Attenuation (like MAPP XT); select via the FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS > SPL tab. In SPL mode: the values are average SPL (not peak) and are only for the selected frequency range, e.g., one octave, 4kHz—see MEASUREMENT VIEW tab, HEADROOM tab for broadband SPL.

If the prediction results are plotted as mostly white or mostly black, adjust the SPL Maximum Value or Minimum Range (FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS > SPL tab).

If an object can not be selected or edited, ensure its layer is unlocked.

To visualize sound in air (like MAPP XT), add geometry parallel to the Z-axis, on-axis to a loudspeaker or array.

XT_VertPln.png

Model View – Vertical Prediction Plane

Layers
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • Layers are managed in the TOOLS > LAYER MANAGEMENT window.

  • Use a capitalization scheme to easily identify layers that have different object types, e.g., LOUDSPEAKERS, Geometry, microphones.

Processors
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • Use INSERT > SIGNAL PROCESSOR to add processors. Processors are edited and managed in the PROCESSOR SETTINGS tab.

Editing
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • Use the Express Settings tab to edit common properties for geometry, loudspeakers, processors, and microphones.

  • Use the Properties tab to edit common properties for geometry.

Import
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • DXF and SKP (SketchUp) formats—one of each format can be imported into a project (FILE > IMPORT).

  • Both file types import with layers accessible for show/hide and locking, see BUILD > IMPORT DRAWINGS in the site menu above.

Special
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • LMBC settings are accessed in PROCESSOR SETTINGS tab, LOW-MID BEAM CONTROL tab.

  • The Auto-Splay tool is accessed in TOOLS > AUTO-SPLAY.

  • Connect to Galileo GALAXY processors via TOOLS > SIGNAL PROCESSOR MANAGEMENT; push or pull processor settings when connecting.

Reference material
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Keyboard Shortcuts (also under the MORE menu at top of this page)

FAQ

Start a MAPP 3D project
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Templates
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Templates are selected from the Welcome Window or application menu. Click TEMPLATES, select template file, then click CHOOSE. When the Welcome Window is closed, use the FILE > OPEN TEMPLATE menu to open templates.

Templates are provided as examples to easily explore the functions of MAPP 3D. We anticipate adding additional templates to satisfy user requests and needs.

WelcomeOpenTemplate3.png

Welcome Window, Select Template

System design project workflow
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP 3D can be used in a variety of ways. When starting a system design, these are the steps usually taken:

  • Gather preliminary project information

  • Create new project

  • Enter project properties

  • Save new project

  • Make application preference choices

  • Import drawing(s)

  • Create additional layers

  • Add geometry

  • Add processors

  • Add loudspeakers

  • Add microphones

  • Check and optimize performance

  • Save project

  • Export screenshots and reports

  • Push settings to processors

Project: Start to finish
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

After the MAPP 3D application is installed and loudspeaker and rigging data are downloaded, these are the usual steps followed when a system design project is started, listed chronologically:

Preliminary information
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Before starting a system design in MAPP 3D, it is helpful to have as much information as possible. Depending on the project type, different information will be applicable. These are some examples:

  • Size of venue

  • Minimum SPL requirement

  • Bandwidth requirements

  • Coverage variation tolerances for SPL, spectral tilt, etc.

  • Any available electronic or paper drawings

  • Potential rigging locations and weight ratings for available rigging points

  • Locations of potential architectural or acoustic obstructions

Create new project
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Start a new project:

  • From the Welcome Window, click the CREATE EMPTY PROJECT button

  • From the menus, click FILE > NEW PROJECT (cmd+N or ctrl+N)

Project properties
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When a new project is created, enter the descriptive information for future reference and tracking.

project-properties-768x423.png

Project Properties

Save
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Save the new MAPP 3D Project (.mapp):

  • FILE > SAVE PROJECT AS (cmd+shift+S or ctrl+shift+S)

Remember, save early, save often. Creating versioned file names (project v1, project v2, …) serve as intermediate points to go back to during the system design, evaluation, optimization process.

A folder named MAPP Backup will also be created when the project is saved. MAPP 3D auto-saves backups to this folder every ten minutes.

Project settings
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Make project-specific and user interface preference selections from the Project Settings window:

  • FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS (cmd+shift+P or ctrl+shift+P)

  • Units tab – select Distance Units

  • Appearance tab – Axis Limits, enter values large enough that all added objects will be within the Axis Limits, maximum 1000m for each axis, can be reduced later

  • make other selections as desired

Project_Settings2.png

Project Properties

Create additional layers
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

For visibility and lock control, it is helpful to create layers for individual objects or symmetrical pairs of objects to be inserted in the model, following a capitalization scheme reflecting object types (loudspeakers, geometry, microphones), e.g. MAIN L, MAIN R, FRONT FILL, Orchestra 1, Balcony 1, balcony top, balcony bottom.

  • TOOLS > LAYER MANAGEMENT

  • Click ADD LAYER to create several additional layers

    • Use text capitalization to differentiate layers for different types of objects, e.g., LOUDSPEAKERS/ARRAYS, Geometry, microphones

    • Layer is selected when objects are added to the model for visibility and lock control

  • Optional: Click color swatches in the color column to edit; color used to represent objects in the model

Objects on locked layers are not selectable or editable in the model or tabs.

Layer_Tab3.png

Layer Pane and Layer Management Window

Import drawings and / or create a venue model
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Import DXF or SKP files, if available—see Import Drawing link above.

Import_1.png

Model Tab – Imported Drawing

Add primitives / geometry
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Regardless of whether a DXF or SKP is imported, Primitives are added to create geometry, which are selected as prediction planes and are used to display coverage data—see Add Primitives link above.

  • Add Primitive

  • Enter name (used for export documentation)

  • Assign to layer

  • Edit position and size parameters

  • Optional: Select for prediction

Simpler geometry, for example the listening area of a typical outdoor festival, might best be represented with a rectangle Primitive. More complex geometry, like curved balconies in a theater, might be best represented using the Free Draw tool.

Import_2a.png

Model Tab – Free Draw Primitive Added as Geometry

If a DXF or SKP is imported, there is a Snapping feature that allows Free Draw vertices to snap to points in the imported file, right-click and choose SELECT SNAPPING TOOL

Import_3a.png

Model Tab – Enable Free Draw Snapping to Imported Drawing Mid- and End-Points

Add processors
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When loudspeakers are added, processor outputs are assigned—see Add Processors link above. Add and label processor outputs before adding loudspeakers.

  • INSERT > SIGNAL PROCESSOR

  • Add desired model(s) of Galileo GALAXY signal processors

  • Processor Settings tab

  • Select processor from drop-down

  • Enter name (used for export documentation)

  • Label the outputs (used for export documentation)

To edit:

  • Processor Settings tab, select processor from drop-down

  • Express Settings pane, select processor from drop-down

Proc_Select2.png

Express Settings Pane – Processor, Processor Settings Tab

Add loudspeakers
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Add loudspeakers or arrays and configure them for best performance—see Add Loudspeakers link above for type details.

  1. INSERT > LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEM or right-click in model, select INSERT LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEM.

  2. Select Loudspeaker Type

  3. Enter name (used on export documentation)

  4. Assign to layer

  5. Enter coordinates and rotation

  6. Assign to processor and output channels

  7. Change additional parameters

The optimization process usually involves analysis of the loudspeaker configuration (processing, splay angles, location, etc.) and the resulting response, then modification if needed

To edit:

  1. Elect in Model View tab or Inventory pane

  2. Edit in Object Settings tab or Express Settings pane

workflow-step3-768x536.png

Insert Loudspeaker System – Flown Loudspeaker System

Add microphones
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Microphones provide broadband sample points for analysis in the MEASUREMENT VIEW tab.

  1. INSERT > MICROPHONE or right-click in model, select INSERT MICROPHONE.

  2. Insert in logical order, e.g., front to back, left to right, start at the stage or rear of the audience area

  3. Name microphone for recall in Measurement View and exports, e.g., orch rear, orch mid… or balc1, balc2…

  4. Assign to layer

  5. Edit coordinates, usually placed at ear height

Microphones are represented to scale in the model, they are small. It is sometimes helpful to hide geometry layers or select them in the Inventory pane to more easily locate or view.

Mic_Insert2.png

Model View – Inserted Microphone

Optimize system design using Model View and Measurement View
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The performance and interaction of sound sources can be optimized using MAPP3D’s prediction capabilities. Position, orientation, spacing, and signal processing of various sound sources can be adjusted and the results viewed as pressure plots on prediction planes. Use pressure plots to analyze coverage, up to one-octave wide, in the intended coverage area.

Pressure plots can be displayed as SPL or Attenuation, FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS or right-click in model, select SET MAX SPL.

  • SPL values are valid for the range of frequencies predicted, not broadband SPL.

  • Attenuation mode plots the loudest point on all of the prediction planes with the 0dB color; lesser levels are plotted using the colors related to attenuation level relative to the loudest point.

  • Change Resolution preference to change the number of colors used. 1dB, 3dB, and 6dB options are helpful for visualizing 6dB down points in coverage area.

workflow-step4-768x551.png

Model View Tab – SPL Pressure Plot on Geometry Selected for Prediction

Measurement View
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When microphones are added in strategic locations, the broadband response of the system or sub-system can be analyzed as either a transfer function (Frequency and IFFT Response tab) or as the broadband peak and average response (Headroom tab). Use the Headroom tab to view available headroom and predict maximum output. Adjust the Generator Level and select the test signal type for further analysis.

workflow-step4b-768x550.png

Measurement View Tab – Frequency Response and IFFT Tab

Export project information
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When the design is finalized, project information can be exported including: a loudspeaker system report, screenshots, microphone data, equipment list, patch list, and a DXF of the loudspeakers and arrays in the model.

Synchronize MAPP 3D and signal processor(s)
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Galileo GALAXY processors can be connected to the MAPP 3D application for bi-directional control. When connecting, settings can be pushed from MAPP 3D to the processor or pulled from the Galileo GALAXY processor into MAPP 3D to synchronize the processor settings. Once synchronized, the processor controls are bi-directional.

Sync_Proc3.png

Inventory – Signal Processor Tab, Signal Processor Management Window, Galileo GALAXY Signal Processors

Build
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Import drawings
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

2D  DXF, 3D DXF, and SKP files can be imported into MAPP3D, which aids in the creation of an accurate venue model. It is essential to work from an accurate venue model when designing a sound system for a given space.

If drawing software is not available, please contact us: www.meyersound.com/contact, and select Technical Support. We can usually import drawings for users in a short time.

Import DXF files
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Both 2D and 3D AutoCAD DXF files can be imported into a MAPP3D project. DXF files usually need to be edited to ensure they are imported into MAPP3D correctly and in a way that makes them easy to work with.

Procedure. To edit files for importing:
  1. Prepare the drawing for import in AutoCAD and save it using the 2013 DXF format. Drawing preparation details are below this section.

  2. Select FILE > IMPORT, choose DXF, and choose the file to import.

  3. From the Import Graphics window, choose the Distance Unit used in the source file (e.g., if the DXF drawing units are feet, select feet).

  4. Enter Axis Limits or select Import Graphics Drawing Limits if the limits were set in the drawing.

  5. Click Import.

  6. Check the scale of the drawing imported into MAPP 3D: select the Distance Tape Measure  tool and measure the distance between two points in the imported drawing and confirm the measurement matches the original drawing.

DXF drawing preparation
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

If the DXF file is two-dimensional, all objects should be parallel to one of the three planes (XY, XZ, or YZ), which translate to Plan, Longitudinal Section, and Transverse Section views.

If only 2D DXF files are available, they can be arranged in a 3D file in an orientation that approximates a 3D file, as shown in the figure below. The plan file is oriented flat on the XY plane, and the longitudinal section is oriented flat on the XZ plane. The origin for both images must be in the same place, downstage-center for example. This enables the designer to add Primitives in MAPP 3D representing seating areas and to select them for prediction.

2x2D_CAD.png

Imported 2D Plan and Longitudinal Section Drawings Arranged in a 3D File

Reduce file size
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

For best application performance, the size of the imported DXF should be kept as small as possible, though files of 20 Mb or larger can be imported.

Many drawings contain entities that are not needed for design work in MAPP 3D. Remove these entities from the drawing (e.g., lobby, doors, and bathrooms), select and ERASE (AutoCAD).

Replacing complex entities with simple entities is also recommended, for example, in the image above, replacing the seats with a single entity will reduce the overall file size significantly and simplify the drawing.

Zoom to Extents (Z-enter, E-enter) to check for extraneous entities in the drawing. View should be of intended entities filling the model window. If the intended entities do not occupy the entire window, there are likely unintended entities in the drawing.

Remove imported DXF or SKP drawing
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

To remove an imported drawing from a .mapp project: select Tools > Layer Management, select layers with imported drawing entities, and click Delete Layer.

Entity exclusion
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP3D cannot import certain DXF object types including:

  • surfaces

  • ellipses

  • splines

  • dimensions

  • 3D solids

  • polyface meshes

  • leaders

  • hatches

  • attribute definitions

  • blocks that contain these types of entities

These object types should be converted to entity types compatible with MAPP 3D or removed from the DXF prior to import, including:

  • polylines

  • faces

  • arcs

  • circles

Some blocks can be imported, however, the best practice is to EXPLODE (AutoCAD) all blocks in the event that non-importable objects are embedded within them.

Text is displayed in MAPP 3D at only one scale and is usually removed from the drawing before importing.

The AutoCAD purge command can also significantly reduce file size, but should only be utilized after the following conditions have been met:

  • All blocks have been exploded, and only lines, arcs, and circles remain.

  • All xrefs bound or detached

  • All paper space layouts deleted except the default

  • All entities have the same linetype

  • All layer linetypes are set to Continuous

  • All entities have the same color

  • All entities have the same lineweight

  • All layer lineweights are set to Default

  • All text in the drawing is exploded using Express Tools–Explode Text function, turning any text into polylines that can be exploded to lines, arcs, and circles

The Overkill command can be used to delete duplicate lines, or lines that overlap one another unnecessarily.

Final considerations and saving
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Layer colors can not be changed once the drawing is imported into MAPP 3D. Make any desired changes before importing. The MAPP 3D model background can be white or black, we suggest choosing a shade of gray, 253 or 254 in AutoCAD.

The origin point should be moved to a logical location, typically downstage center or where the stage face meets the floor, center stage.

Boundary limits can be set in AutoCAD. Use the Limits command, select the bottom-left point of the drawing, then the upper-right point.

Save DXF using File Type: AutoCAD DXF, 2013 format (select using the drop-down at bottom of Save Drawing As dialog).

If the drawing still doesn’t import properly:

  1. Select all of the desired entities in the drawing.

  2. Copy special (ctrl-shift-c).

  3. Select down-stage center or or where the stage face meets the floor, center stage as the base point.

  4. Spen a new drawing (ctrl-n).

  5. Paste the entities into the new drawing (ctrl-v), use insertion point 0,0,0.

  6. Save the new file.

Return to the above Import DXF Files section.

If these steps fail to import the drawing properly, please contact us: www.meyersound.com/contact, select Technical Support.

Import SKP files
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

SKP (SketchUp) files can be imported into a MAPP3D project. SKP files generally import without needing to edit entities or reduce the file.

Procedure. To import SKP files:
  1. SketchUp – Save SPK as 2015 or earlier format.

  2. MAPP 3D – Select File > Import, choose SKP, and then choose the file to import.

    Graphics-importingDXFfiles-768x477.png

    Import Graphics Window

  3. The Distance Units are set to Auto. SketchUp internally uses inches regardless of the selected display units in the SketchUp project preferences.

  4. Enter Axis Limits or select Import Graphics Drawing Limits if the limits were set in the drawing.

  5. Click Import.

Remove imported DXF or SKP drawing
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

To remove an imported drawing from a .mapp project: select Tools > Layer Management, select layers with imported drawing entities, and click Delete Layer.

Tools / edit
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Tools manipulate the objects in the model and can modify the view. The common editing tools (Cut, Copy, Paste) are included in MAPP 3D, including Group and Duplicate.

Tools
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Located on the top, right side of the application window7.svg , the Tools tab uses icons to represent a collection of actions and functions that can manipulate both the objects in the model and the appearance of the model. These tools apply to all entities that are visible in Model View: geometry, loudspeakers, and microphones.

Tools_Defs3.png

Available Tools In Model Tab

Distance Tape Measure Tool
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When selected, hover the cursor over an object to identify vertexes. When a white square appears, click on the vertex, then hover and click on another vertex. The distance between the vertexes is displayed. Press ESC key to clear the distance measurement.

DistTape.png

Distance Tape Measurement Tool Example

Scale Tool
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Increase or decrease the size of an object in one axial direction by adjusting the sliders – applicable only for geometry (Primitives), 2D and 3D.

  • select object to Scale

  • click Scale tool

  • click-drag adjustment sliders in the Properties tab to increase or decrease the scale of the geometry

Scale_Sliders.png

Properties Tab – Scale Tool

Rotate Tool
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Rotates objects in the model—applies to loudspeaker systems and geometry.

  • select object

  • select Rotate tool

  • adjust rotation using controls in Properties tab (right sidebar)

Rotate.png

Properties Tab – Rotate Tool

Align Tool
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Use the Align tool to move all selected objects to the same coordinate of the selected object and axis—applies to all object types in a model.

  • select all objects to align

  • select the Align tool

  • select the single object to which the other selected objects will be aligned

  • from the pop-up menu, select the axis for alignment, x, y, or z

Screen-Shot-2020-03-12-at-16_00_58-300x179.png

Non-Aligned Objects

Screen-Shot-2020-03-12-at-16_02_24-300x180.png

Click to Select Alignment Axis

Screen-Shot-2020-03-12-at-16_10_09-300x180.png

Click to Select Alignment Axis

Screen-Shot-2020-03-12-at-16_02_04-300x179.png

Objects Aligned

Array Tool
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

If one object is added to the model and additional objects of the same type are needed in an equally spaced line or curve, use the Array tool—applies to all objects in a model.

The limit for loudspeakers is 50; the geometry and microphones limit is 100.

For Polar Arrays, the rotation is always around the Z-Axis, which means the z value of the reference point is not used.

  • select object

  • select Array tool

  • select Polar or Rectangle Array from drop-down menu

  • enter number of objects and spacing

Screen-Shot-2020-03-12-at-15_36_18-300x179__1_.png

First Object of Array

Screen-Shot-2020-03-12-at-15_36_24-300x179.png

Select Object

Array_Dialog.png

Array Dialog, Polar / Rectangle, Enter Array Parameters

Screen-Shot-2020-03-12-at-15_36_00-300x179.png

Array Objects Added

Mirror Tool
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The Mirror tool duplicates an object across the selected axis at the same relative position as the original—applies to all objects in a model.

  • select Mirror tool

  • select object to mirror

  • select axis to mirror around

mirror-tool.jpg
Edit Menu
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

These commands are available from the Edit menu.

Duplicate
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Select object or objects, EDIT > DUPLICATE to duplicate selected object(s).

Group / Ungroup
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When multiple objects are selected in Model View, they can be grouped together and be modified as a single object.

  • Select objects to be grouped

  • EDIT > GROUP (cmd-G)

When objects in a group are selected, use Un-Group to separate the objects, allowing them to be selected individually.

  • Select object to be un-grouped

  • EDIT > UNGROUP (cmd-U)

Cut
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Select object(s), EDIT > CUT (cmd-X), object(s) are removed and copied to the clipboard.

Copy
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Select object(s), EDIT > COPY (cmd-C), object(s) are copied to the clipboard.

Paste
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Select object(s), EDIT > PASTE (cmd-V), object(s) are pasted from the clipboard.

Note

Objects can only be cut and pasted within the same project.

Add primitives
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Primitives are pre-built blocks used to represent the architecture of a venue. Once in the model view, Primitives are referred to as Geometries. Geometries can be simple Primitives or modified Primitives. Add Primitives to the model to represent a stage, seating areas, and structures of acoustic significance (rear wall, catwalks) or rigging height limitations. Name them, and assign them to layers. Typically, the 0, 0, 0 coordinate is the intersection of the face of the stage and the floor, on the center line of the room.

When a DXF or SKP drawing file is imported, geometry is added and selected for prediction. MAPP 3D renders pressure plots on geometry that is selected for prediction.

Planes_w_and_wo.png

Model View – Imported Drawing, Geometry Added

Primitive types
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Four 3D Primitives are available:

3D_Primitives.png

Available 3D Primitives

Three 2D Primitives are available:

2D_Primitives.png

Available 2D Primitives

Free draw primitive
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The Free Draw Primitive is used to create polylines and asymmetrical shapes in the model.

Insert: Method 1
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  1. Select the Free Draw tool.

  2. Slick in the model to create the first vertex.

  3. Move to the next vertex location.

  4. Repeat to add vertexes.

  5. Press “enter” to stop adding vertexes.

  6. Press “c” to close the the shape.

Two-Free-Draw-gifs-Together.gif

Free Draw, Add Vertexes – End, Close

Insert: Method two
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  1. Right-click in the model.

  2. Select Insert Free Draw Geometry, opens a window.

  3. Enter coordinates for each vertex (point).

  4. Optional – select a vertex, click FreeDrawPlusMinus.png  buttons to add another Point below or remove selected point.

  5. Optional – select Close Geometry to join the last vertex to the first vertex.

FreeDrawInsert.png

Insert Free Draw Window

Edit vertexes
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

In the Properties tab, vertexes of a Free Draw primitive can be edited manually, added, and deleted. Click APPLY to accept changes.

Edit-Vertex.gif

Edit Vertices, Click APPLY

Snapping to imported DXF or SKP
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Free Draw vertexes can be snapped to points of an imported DXF or SKP file.

  1. Right-click and choose SELECT SNAPPING TOOL from the pop-up in model.

  2. Hover the mouse near the mid-point or end-point of an imported entity.

  3. Click to use create a Free Draw vertex.

Repeat to add additional vertexes. If this geometry is extruded 180 degrees, it would represent the seating area. See below, Extrude.

Snapping-Free-Draw.gif

Free Draw – Snapping To Imported Geometry

When adding Primitives, select a non-isometric or “flat” view (Top, Left, Right, Front, or Rear) to add geometry on an axis with a zero value. This is illustrated below:

FreeDrawExt4a.png

To Add Primitive Flat on an Axis, Add Primitive in Flat Viewport

Add other primitive types
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • Select the desired Primitive type.

  • Click in the model to add.

Add-Rectangle.gif

Add Primitive To Model

Edit geometry
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When a Primitive is added to the model, it is referred to as geometry. All properties of geometry are available in the Object Settings Tab. Also, edit properties in the Express Settings and Properties tabs.

  • Select geometry in model.

  • Click the Object Settings tab.

Note

Zoom, pan, and orbit are available in the preview pane.

ObjSet_Geometry.png

Object Settings Tab, Geometry Selected

  • Select geometry in model or select from the Inventory tab.

  • Use the Express Settings pane to change the Prediction and Through preferences.

  • Edit basic properties in the Properties pane.

Exp_Prop_Geometry.png

Inventory, Geometry and Properties of Geometry

Change reference point of geometry
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The reference point of a Primitive is the center of the Primitive by default. To change the location:

  1. Select geometry.

  2. Right-click, and then choose SELECT VERTEX from the pop-up menu.

  3. Click corners, mid-points, incrementally for curves and circles, or the center of the Primitive to select a new reference point.

  4. Right-click, and then choose SELECT OBJECT.

  5. Click ENTER.

Move_Ref_Point.png

Change Geometry Reference Location

Relocate (move) geometry
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The location of geometry can be changed in two ways:

Method One
  1. Select geometry.

  2. Click-drag the yellow sphere inside the Primitive.

  3. Limited by the boundary limits of the model.

Move-Primitive-click-drag.gif

Move Geometry – Click Object Reference Point and Drag

Method Two
  1. Select the geometry.

  2. Edit parameters in the Properties Pane or Object Settings Tab.

Based on the Primitive type, different properties will be displayed for each type of Primitive. For 3D and 2D shapes, the position coordinates, orientation/rotation around each axis, and dimensions are displayed and can be edited. Position is referenced to the center of the Primitive unless Select Vertex has been used to choose a different reference point.

Delete geometry
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • Select geometry (Primitive).

  • Press DELETE on the keyboard, and also EDIT > DELETE.

Other geometry properties
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Geometry is added to a model with no attributes given to its surface(s). Changes to a Primitive’s surface attributes are made in the Inventory pane or Object Settings tab.

Prediction
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Select the Prediction option for a surface—enables pressure plots to be displayed on that surface.

BeforeAfter_Predict.png

Model View – Geometry Selected for Prediction, Geometry with Prediction

Through
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Center lines of loudspeakers will pass through Primitives when they are set to Through (default). When not selected as Through, the Primitive will be pink (or purple if the surface is also selected as Prediction) and the loudspeaker center lines will not go through the Primitive.

This allows designers to determine if the center line of a speaker has line of sight to certain areas (e.g., under balconies).

Through_2.png

Through Example – Orchestra Through, Balcony Not Selected as Through

Offset
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Any Primitive that is selected as Predictive includes the Offset option. The prediction plane will be offset from the geometry by the value entered. This is generally used to approximate actual listening height. The offset value can be adjusted to accommodate seating or standing heights.

Offset_Plane4.png

Geometry Offset for Prediction – Offset 1.5m, No Offset

Ground plane
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP3D acoustic data is based on precise measurements of Meyer Sound products. One of the benefits of this precision is that users can replicate and confirm the predictions made in MAPP 3D in the real world. Because ground plane measurements are often used to capture loudspeaker data, MAPP3D includes a tool to replicate this method for predictions.

When geometry is selected as Ground Plane, a first-order acoustic reflection from the geometry is modeled. One geometry in a project can be selected as Ground Plane. This is a perfect first-order acoustic reflection, without acoustic coefficients, no absorption or transmission properties. The intended use is to predict measurements with a microphone on the geometry, replicating a ground plane measurement in an open space, where a loudspeaker is measured with the microphone on the floor or ground. Selecting geometry as Ground Plane does not affect its appearance.

  • Select geometry in the Model View tab.

  • Object Settings tab.

  • Select PREDICT and GROUND PLANE.

  • Enable ground plane prediction, make a selection in the EDIT menu, and select GROUND PLANE PREDICTION

  • Select bandwidth and frequency for prediction.

  • Click PREDICT (cmd-R).

GroundPlane.png

Ground Plane Prediction – Horizontal Geometry Selected as Ground Plan, Vertical Geometry Added for Visualization

Geometry modifiers
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Modifiers can be used to edit single or multiple Primitives to create unique geometry.

Extrude modifier
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Extrudes single 2D geometry to be 3D geometry.

  • Select 2D geometry.

  • Select the MODIFIER tab, and click EXTRUDE.

  • Select the Linear or Angular Extrusion radio button.

  • Enter desired parameter value(s) or select value and use up/down arrow keys to increase/decrease value – see examples below.

Extrude.png

Properties Pane – Extrude Parameters

Linear extrusion
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When Linear Extrusion is selected, choose the axis to extrude the shape along from the drop-down menu. Enter a Length and optionally, a Zenithal and/or Azimuth angle, examples below. Click the APPLY button at the bottom of the tab to extrude the geometry.

The below examples begin with these three geometries lined up on the positive X-axis.

ExtrudeExplStart.png

Model View, Linear Extrusion Example – Original Geometry: Rectangle, Ellipse, Free Draw

Linear extrusion along axis example:

Select an axis to extrude along from the drop-down menu. Enter a Length, which is always positive. Click the APPLY button at the bottom of the tab. When these Geometries (below) are extruded along the Z-Axis, the shapes are extruded along the Z-Axis, resulting in 3D geometry.

ExtrudeExplZlin1.png

Model View, Linear Extrusion Example, Three, 2D Shapes Extruded Along Z-Axis

Linear extrusion along axis with zenithal angle example:

Zenithal angle is constrained between 0-180 degrees. Below are the results when the 2D geometries are extruded with the Zenithal Angle set to 45 degrees.

ExtrudeExplZZethin.png

Model View, Linear Extrusion Example, Three, 2D Shapes Extruded Along Z-Axis With Zenithal Angle Set To 45 Degrees

Trim modifier
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Applies to 2D geometry.

  1. Select two intersecting geometries.

  2. Click TRIM.

  3. Click geometry to trim.

  4. Press ENTER to end trim selection.

Tip

Press ESCAPE to abort.

Trim.png

Trim Modifier – Select, TRIM, Click to Remove, ENTER

ULTRA-X40 — Compact Loudspeakers
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Applies to geometry. Duplicates and offsets the selected geometry at the distance and axis entered.

  1. Select geometry.

  2. Click OFFSET.

  3. Choose Model View UCS or Object UCS.

  4. Enter offset distance for each axis.

  5. Click APPLY.

Offset.png

Offset Modifier – Two Examples, 2D and 3D. Original Objects, Original Objects with Offset Objects

Union modifier
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Used to create one 3D geometry from two intersecting 3D geometries.

  1. Select two overlapping 3D geometries.

  2. Click UNION.

Union2.png

Union Modifier – Two 3D Geometries, Before and After Union

Intersect modifier
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Can only be performed on two 3D Primitives that intersect. This Modifier result is the intersecting volume of 3D Primitives.

  1. Select objects

  2. Click Intersect modifier

Int_Mod.png

Intersect Modifier – Two 3D Objects Selected, Resulting Geometry

Subtract modifier
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Applies to two intersecting 3D geometries. This Modifier removes the intersecting volume of one of the 3D geometries.

  1. Select both geometries.

  2. Click SUBTRACT modifier.

  3. Click the geometry being subtracted.

In the example below, the cuboid is clicked to remove its volume from the cylinder.

Sub_Mod.png

Subtract Modifier – Two Geometries Selected, After Modification

Quick draw venue
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

In some instances, users need to quickly and accurately build a model in MAPP 3D using measurements taken on-site. This page contains information about creating a MAPP 3D model based on site survey distance and angle measurements. Refine and improve these suggestions as needed for specific applications.

Tools needed
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  • A laser range-finder and an inclinometer are needed. Several models are available that include both functions. Some models have longer ranges, cameras, and other helpful features, especially for longer distances outdoors in daylight. The accuracy should be less than +/- 0.1 m and +/-0.2 degrees.

  • In some cases, a laser-reflective target on a stand is useful, especially when the point of interest is in direct sunlight.

  • For many applications, mounting the range-finder/inclinometer on a camera tripod is helpful.

Templates
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Create a template to decrease time spent on-site. Include:

  • Add layers for loudspeakers, geometry, and microphones.

  • Add/label loudspeakers to be used.

  • Add/label processors to be used.

  • Add/label microphones to be used.

  • Adjust Axis Limits to be larger than the venue dimensions (FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS > APPEARANCE tab).

Two strategies are used for the seating areas in templates, depending on the seating area elevation:

  1. For seating areas that are on the same horizontal plane (flat floor), adding geometry that is edited while surveying the room is most efficient.

  2. For seating areas that are angled or raked, survey the room and add geometry representing the seating areas as measurements are taken.

Trapezoidal or rectangular, inclined seating
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Multi-Level Visual Aids (MLVA) are used to create geometry representing a seating area whose elevation is not practically measured in the field. A Reference Point is chosen, distance and angle measurements are taken and entered in a pop-up dialog. MAPP 3D creates a Free Draw object based on those measurements.

MLVA_Added.png

MAPP 3D, Seating Sections Added with Multi-Level Visual Aids

MAPP 3D: As with non-inclined seating, add geometry representing the stage and walls.

Select a location on the center line of the room at or near the downstage lip from which to measure the seating geometry with the laser range-finder/inclinometer, making sure the location is within line-of-sight with the first and last seats of each seating area.

In this example, 0, 0, 2.5 m is downstage center, 1.5 m above the 1.0 m tall stage, to have line-of-sight with the first and last seats of each seating area.

MAPP 3D: Select INSERT > MULTI-LEVEL VISUAL AID and enter the coordinates of the Reference Point Position. Name the geometry and select a Layer.

Measure the width of the seating area at the front and rear of each seating area.

25 m and 28 m for this balcony.

MAPP 3D: Enter the width for each Point.

MLVA_Dialog2.png

MAPP 3D, Insert Free Draw Geometry (Multilevel Visual Aid) – Balcony Measurements

MLVA_Added.png

MAPP 3D, Model View – Multilevel Visual Aid Added as Free Draw Geometry, Point 1 and Point 2

If not taking measurements facing directly downstage on the center line of the room, enter the degrees of rotation in the Reference Point Azimuth field, the Z-axis rotation.

There are several survey techniques to determine this angle, e.g. the Law of Cosines or using a Theodolite.

Click INSERT to preview the new geometry. Click OK to convert the Multi-Level Visual Aid to a Free Draw object.

To edit the geometry, select the geometry to change the Reference Point coordinates, Rotation, and the coordinates of each geometry segment in the Properties tab (right pane) or the Object Settings tab.

Trapezoidal or rectangular, non-inclined seating
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
QDVFlatFloor2.png

MAPP 3D, Model View – Flat Floor Seating Example

Usually, the origin (X, Y, Z = 0, 0, 0) of a project is downstage center, where the face of the stage meets the floor, on the center line of the room.

Measure the dimensions of the stage, including the height.

MAPP 3D: Add geometry representing the stage using the measurements taken. Move the vertex to the mid-point of the downstage edge. Move the stage so the reference vertex is located at 0, 0, 0.

To modify the reference vertex of geometry: add geometry, right-click on geometry, choose SELECT VERTEX, click on mid-point where the stage meets the floor, right-click and click SELECT OBJECT. Change geometry Position coordinates to 0, 0, 0.

Measure the dimensions of the room, height, length and width.

MAPP 3D: Add geometry for one side wall and the rear wall using the measurements.

Measure the dimensions of the seating area(s).

MAPP 3D: Add geometry of the seating areas(s) with Z-axis values of 0 m. In the Object Settings View, enter an Offset value at the anticipated ear height of listeners. Use 1.2 m (~4 ft.) for seated audience,  1.7 m (~5.6 ft.) for standing audience.

Geometry is inserted with the default reference vertex in the center of the geometry. When locating the geometry in the model, it may be easier to change the reference vertex to the mid-point of an edge.

Usually, the walls and seating areas are selected for Prediction at different points in the design process. In addition to evaluating coverage in the seating area, it is also important to evaluate the amount of sound reaching the architecture of a room and knowing how acoustically reflective the architecture is. This will further inform loudspeaker model selections and aiming choices. To increase intelligibility, minimize sound reaching acoustically reflective surfaces.

Curved seating
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

There are several instances of seating areas that have curved shapes. To represent a seating area where one side is curved, one method is to add geometry overlapping with the seating area geometry. Then, using the Subtract modifier, the added geometry removes both the added geometry and the area that overlapped with the seating area geometry. This is one version of what is sometimes referred to as the “cookie cutter” method.

The Subtract modifier requires that both geometries are 3D and are on the same Layer. 2D objects, in this case the seating area, can be extruded by a very small distance, 0.05 m for instance. This enables the use of the Subtract modifier.

For a rectangular seating section that has a curved area close to the stage, add geometry to represent the seating area. Then add geometry that overlaps the seating area, in this case an Ellipse. Extrude both to make geometry 3D. Offset the Ellipse in the Z-axis, so the two geometries intersect. Select both the Ellipse and Rectangle. Select Subtract Modifier. Click the Ellipse. Both the Ellipse and the overlap area are removed.

QDVFlatFloorCutout1.png

MAPP 3D, Model View – Use 3D Geometry to Modify Another 3D Geometry

There are two ways to determine the size and location of the cutting geometry:

  1. Rough it in: Measure the portion of the seating area to remove: distance across the curve (c) and the depth of the curve (s). Using the Free Draw tool, add lines to the model at these locations. Add an Ellipse to the model and modify it’s properties until it intersects the marked locations. Then use the Subtract Modifier to remove the overlap area. This is approximate and quick.

    QDVRoughCut3.png

    MAPP 3D, Model View – Add Free Draw Lines as Reference and Modify Ellipse to Meet Reference Lines

  2. Calculate: Measure the “width” and “depth” of the area to be removed (sagitta and cord, below). With these distances, the location and radius of the Ellipse are calculated.

    QDV-SimpFormulas1.png

    Formulas to Calculate Ellipse Diameter and X-Axis Coordinate of Ellipse

    In this example, s = 5 m, c = 20 m, and the X-coordinate of the Apex is 8 m. Using the formulas below, solve for the radius, Ellipse diameter, and the X-coordinate of the Ellipse.

    QDVMath5.png

    Solve for X-Axis Coordinate of Ellipse

MAPP 3D: Add the Ellipse and enter the Ellipse Diameter in the D1 and D2 fields in the Properties pane. Enter the X coordinate calculated above as the X Position of the Ellipse. Ensure the Y and Z Positions are set to zero. Then, use the Extrude Modifier to make the Ellipse 3D (Linear, Z-axis, 4 m in the example) and modify the Z-axis of the Ellipse/Cylinder so it intersects the seating geometry instead of sitting on top of it (Z-axis, down 2 m, below). Next, select the seating geometry and use the Extrude Modifier to make it 3D (Linear, Z-axis, 0.05 m in this case). Select both the seating geometry and the Ellipse, select Subtract Modifier, then click the Ellipse to remove it and the overlapping area of the seating geometry.

QDVMathExmpl1.png

MAPP 3D, Model View – Seating and Ellipse Extruded, Ready to Use Subtract Modifier to Remove Ellipse and Overlap Area from Seating Area

Curved balcony
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Curved balconies can be surveyed and added to a MAPP 3D model. Using the same concepts as above, an Ellipse geometry is added and overlapped with a geometry created using the Multi-Level Visual Aid, then using the Subtract Modifier, the Ellipse and the overlapping area are removed.

Symmetrical arena
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

These instructions assume that the Architectural Profile, the shape of the seating area, is symmetrical around the entire arena.

Another way to use Multi-Level Visual Aids (MLVA) is to draw a single Free Draw line representing the section view of a seating area, an Architectural Profile. Extruding the Architectural Profile creates the seating areas and architecture.

It is usually more efficient to measure and record the distances and angles, and then use the measurements while building the model in MAPP 3D. Users may find that in some circumstances, the workflow is improved by entering measurements directly in MAPP 3D.

This model can be measured and a MAPP 3D model created in about 10 minutes when the process becomes familiar.

Measure arena floor
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Measure and the length X and width Y of the arena floor. Where they intersect is coordinate 0, 0, 0 in the MAPP 3D model (O for origin). From the origin, right and up are positive X/Y coordinates, left and down are negative X/Y coordinates.

There may be hockey dashers that define the floor, if not, use the first row of seating for the dimensions of the arena floor.

Venue_1a_Stroke.png

Measure Arena Floor, O = Origin, 0,0,0

Locate reference point position
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Move the laser target to the location where the curve of the corner seating becomes straight on both sides of the corner (R for Reference Point).

The Reference Point Position is the location from which the Architectural Profile will be measured.

Figure 2.
Venue_3a_crop.png

Place Tripod Where Corner Curve Stops on Both Sides of Corner



Measure the distance from x = 0 m to R and record the distance as A.

Venue_5_crop_3.png

Measure Distance (A)

Measure the distance from y = 0 m to R and record the distance B.

Venue_6_crop.png

Measure the distance from y = 0 m to R and record the distance B.

Tripod_Box.png

Tripod with Target, Measure Height (Z)

Measure seating and architecture
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Locate the range-finder/inclinometer on a stand at location R.

Measure the beginning and end of each seating section and architectural feature starting at the lowest elevation.

Venue_7b.png

Measure and Record Distance and Angle to Beginning and End Points of Seating and Architecture

Add MLVA for Corner
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP 3D: Select INSERT > MULTI-LEVEL VISUAL AID or right-click in the model, and then select INSERT MULTI-LEVEL VISUAL AID.

Enter the Geometry Name and select a Layer from the drop-down menu.

Enter the Reference Point Position coordinates using measurements A, B, and Z.

Venue_MLVA_1b.png

MAPP 3D, Multi-Level Visual Aid – Enter Reference Point Coordinates

Add points with the buttons until the number of Points equals the number of Architectural Profile measurements.

Enter the measured Distances and Elevation angles for each Point. Use the TAB key to move between fields.

MLVA_Point_Enter.png

MAPP 3D, Multi-Level Visual Aid – Enter Distances and Angles

Click INSERT to preview the Free Draw object in Model View. When OK is clicked, the MLVA is converted to a Free Draw object.

If the values entered do not result in the expected shape, review the measurements taken and values entered in the MLVA dialog. Each coordinate of the Free Draw geometry can be edited as needed in the Properties tab.

Venue_MLVA_Preview.png

Model View – PREVIEW of Insert Multi-Level Visual Aid

Extrude corner
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  1. Select the Free Draw geometry from the INVENTORY > GEOMETRY list.

  2. Click MODIFIERS > EXTRUDE

  3. Select ANGULAR EXTRUSION

  4. Enter ANGLE = 90 degrees, x = A, y = B, click APPLY

    Distances A and B are the x,y coordinates of the Reference Point Position, R.

    Corner_Extrude_Result.png

    MAPP 3D, Model View – Modifiers, Extrude, Angular Extrusion and Resulting Object

Add MLVA for side
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

For arenas that have a symmetrical Architectural Profile, the side Multi-Level Visual Aid is the same as the corner, except the reference point is moved to allow proper extrusion.

MAPP 3D: Select INSERT > MULTI-LEVEL VISUAL AID or right-click in model space, and then select INSERT MULTI-LEVEL VISUAL AID.

Enter Reference Point Position coordinates using measurements A, B, and Z.Change the X value to be negative (later extrusion must be positive).

Enter 90 degrees for the Reference Point Azimuth.

Venue_MLVA_SIDE_1b.png

Multi-Level Visual Aid – Enter Reference Point Coordinates, Make X Negative, Azimuth = 90

Enter the Distance and Elevation measurements for each Point.

Venue_MLVA_SIDE_2.png

MAPP 3D, Multi-Level Visual Aid – Enter Distances and Angles

Click INSERT to preview the Free Draw object in Model View.

When OK is clicked, the MLVA is converted to a Free Draw object.

Venue_MLVA_Preview_Side.png

MAPP 3D, Model View – PREVIEW of Insert Multi-Level Visual Aid

Extrude side
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  1. Select the Side Free Draw geometry from INVENTORY > GEOMETRY.

  2. Click MODIFIERS > EXTRUDE.

  3. Select LINEAR EXTRUSION.

  4. Select X-Axis from the drop-down menu.

  5. Enter LENGTH distance, 2 x distance A, and then click APPLY.

    Distance A = X coordinate of the Reference Point Position.

    Figure 3.
    Side_Extrude_Result.png

    Model View – Modifiers, Extrude, Linear Extrusion and Resulting Object



How to: add MLVA for end
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  1. Select INSERT > MULTI-LEVEL VISUAL AID or right-click in the model space, and then select INSERT MULTI-LEVEL VISUAL AID.

  2. Enter Reference Point Position coordinates using measurements A, B, and Z.

  3. Change the Y value to be negative (later extrusion must be positive).

Venue_MLVA_Ref_End.png

Multi-Level Visual Aid – Enter Reference Point Coordinates, Make Y Negative

For each Point, enter the Distances and Elevation angles.

Venue_End_Points.png

MAPP 3D, Multi-Level Visual Aid – Enter Distances and Angles

Venue_MLVA_END_2.png

MAPP 3D, Model View – PREVIEW of Insert Multi-Level Visual Aid

Extrusion end
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  1. Select the Free Draw object from the INVENTORY > GEOMETRY list.

  2. Click MODIFIERS > EXTRUDE.

  3. Select LINEAR EXTRUSION.

  4. Select y Axis from the drop-down menu.

  5. Enter LENGTH distance, distance 2 x B, and then click APPLY.

    B is the Y coordinate of the Reference Point.

    End_Extrude_Result.png

    Model View – Modifiers, Extrude, Linear Extrusion and Resulting Object

Select geometry faces for prediction
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
  1. Select the End geometry.

  2. Select Object Settings

  3. Select Faces for Prediction.

  4. Repeat prediction selection for faces of Side and Corner geometry.

    Select_Faces_2.png

    Object Settings – Select Faces for Prediction

Mirror geometry
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Use the Mirror tool to make symmetrical copies of these objects to complete the arena model.

Select the Corner geometry.

Select the Mirror Tool. From the pop-up menu, select MIRROR ALONG Y AXIS and FLIP OBJECT.

Corner_Mirror_2.png

Select Corner, Mirror Tool, Mirror Along Y Axis, Flip Object

Corner_Mirror_Result_2.png

Corner Mirrored Along Y-Axis

Rename mirrored Corner geometry, double-click the name in INVENTORY > GEOMETRY, change the name to Corner 2.

Select the Corner 2 object and Mirror along the x-Axis, rename new object Corner 3.

Select the Corner 3 object and Mirror along the y-Axis, rename new object Corner 4.

Mirror_4_Corners.png

Corners 3 and 4 Mirrored

Select the Side object and Mirror along the y-Axis, rename new object Side 2.

Select the End object and Mirror along the x-Axis, rename new object End 2.

Mirror_Result_Complete.png

Mirror Side and End Objects

Add geometry to represent the floor seating and stage

Arena_Rotate_4.gif

MAPP 3D, Completed Model with Added Floor Seating and Stage

Add signal processors
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

An important step in optimizing a system involves signal processing. MAPP 3D enables designers to add and configure signal processors in the design phase, view prediction results, and export processor settings directly to real hardware. The output processing functions of all Galileo GALAXY processor models are available in MAPP 3D.

Note

MAPP 3D processors include Delay Integration. The current version of Compass/GALAXY includes Product Integration, which combines Delay Integration and an option to recall Starting Point EQ files. These Starting Point files can be recalled in Compass and pushed to MAPP 3D when real or virtual processors are synchronized with MAPP 3D for modeling and evaluation.

Add_Proc.png

Processor Settings Tab and Galileo GALAXY Models

By default, one GALAXY 816 processor is added to the MAPP 3D Project when an empty project is opened.

Add / edit signal processor
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
. To add/edit a signal processor:
  1. INSERT > SIGNAL PROCESSOR to add a processor, select a model, and then enter a unique name.

  2. Select the Processor Settings tab.

  3. Select a processor from the drop-down 1.svg.

  4. Select the Device Overview tab 2.svg.

  5. Click any processing icon 4.svg  or select the Output Processing tab to view and modify settings.

  6. Right-click a channel number 3.svg to open the copy/paste dialog.

  7. Right-click a processing icon  4.svg to open the copy/paste dialog.

  8. EXPORT button 5.svg creates a PDF patch sheet listing output channel number and name, and connected loudspeaker(s).

Proc_CallOut5.png

Processor Settings Tab – Device Overview Tab

Proc_CopyPaste2.png

Channel and Processing Copy/Paste Windows

Remove signal processor
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

To remove a signal processor from a project, select the Processor Settings tab, select a processor from the drop-down menu, and click the DELETE button at the top of the tab. Loudspeakers assigned to a deleted processor are no longer assigned to a processor and output channel.

To assign loudspeakers or arrays to a remaining processor and channel, select a loudspeaker or an array in Model View, then select the Object Settings tab. Make new processor and output channel selections using the drop-down menus.

ProcDeleteAssign2.png

Object Settings, Loudspeaker Array – Processor and Output Channels Not Assigned

Low-Mid Beam Control tab
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

LMBC is used to alter the low-frequency directivity of LEO series models to better match the high-frequency coverage in some cases. See the Real World Low-Mid Beam Control video. Using MAPP 3D to model the result of using LMBC is the first step of analysis. Place microphones on-axis of an array at the beginning, middle, and end of coverage; use more for larger arrays. Store traces with and without LMBC and compare results. Are the traces more similar with LMBC enabled, or not? Use the method that provides the most uniform spectral tilt.

For each array, some minimum requirements must be met to use LMBC:

  • each array element is driven from a Galileo GALAXY output, one element per output1

  • array minimum length must be exceeded

  • the angle between the top center line and the bottom center line cannot exceed limits

Constraints are built in and an error displayed in the Outputs column (x below) if the entered values exceed established limits that would negatively affect directivity.

  • Control Type: Beam Spread or Steer, make selection based on design goals and coverage needs

  • Elements per Output: number of array elements (loudspeakers) connected to a single processor output

  • Start on Output: the processor output channel number connected to the element at the top of the array2

  • No. of Elements: total number of elements in one array

  • Element Location:

    • for arrays driven by one processor or the first processor driving an array that uses outputs from multiple processors, select 1

    • for a second processor driving the same array, select the number of processor outputs of the first processor driving the array, plus one

  • Product Type: select model of array elements3

  • Array Splay: angle between the center lines of the top and bottom elements of an array, available in Object Settings tab, see below image

  • Associated Outputs:

    • when enabled and valid parameters selected, displays output channels LMBC is applied to and the average All Pass filter setting4

    • if parameters are out of limits, an error is displayed

Note

  1. If an array is long enough, two array elements per processor output is allowed. An error will be displayed if an array is too short.

  2. Subsequent processor output channels are connected to corresponding array elements in order, starting at the top of the array.

  3. LMBC is not available for mixed-model arrays.

  4. Set All Pass filters on processor outputs connected to loudspeakers in close proximity to the array using LMBC with these parameters.

TotalAngle.png

Object Settings – Loudspeaker Array Selected, Total Splay

Output Processing tab
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The Output Processing tab provides access to all processor settings (see figure below).

  • Select Device Overview, LMBC, Output Processing, or Snapshot Library tabs 1.svg

  • Output channel selection 2.svg

  • Combined filter phase response 3.svg

  • Combined filter magnitude response 4.svg

  • Processor settings tabs 5.svg

OutputProc3.png

Processor Settings Tab – Output Processing

Channel settings
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Settings for basic functions, enable/bypassing processing, high/low-pass filters, polarity, gain, and mute are accessed via this tab.

Correction for high-frequency air absorption over distance is enabled here. When enabled, enter the distance between the loudspeaker and the audience area. Based on environmental settings entered in Project Settings and distance, compensation filters are automatically added. When used, adjust the temperature and humidity setting when there is a change of 3 ºC or 5% humidity. Atmos. Gain Factor will increase/decrease the magnitude of these filters. The higher the percentage value, the more gain the filters can add, and the larger the cost in headroom. Select Atmos Corr. Response in FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS > PROCESSOR tab to view the correction filter response in the output processing plotter.

Ch_Settings2.png

Processor Settings – Channel Settings

Parametric
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Each channel has ten bands of parametric equalization. Filter values can be manually entered below the plotter window. Click-drag a filter in the plotter to change the gain. After a filter has been selected, click-drag the blue bars to adjust the bandwidth.

Parametric.png

Processor Settings – Parametric Equalizer

U-Shaping
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Meyer Sound’s proprietary U-Shaping equalization filters are adjusted with these controls. Values can be manually entered or click-drag the horizontal and vertical bars in the plot to change the settings.

U_Shape.png

Processor Settings – U-Shaping Filters

All Pass
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

All Pass filters affect phase response, not magnitude response. These filters should only be used for a specific reason, e.g., adjusting the phase response of one loudspeaker to match another model.

AllPass.png

Processor Settings – All Pass Filters

Snapshot Library tab
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Just like Compass control software, processor Snapshots can be saved and recalled. By default, each signal processor includes one snapshot, named Factory Defaults.

  • Double-click a Snapshot name to edit the name.

  • Click CREATE NEW to capture all of the processor settings and save them as a Snapshot in the application.

  • Click SAVE OUTPUT CHANNELS to save the settings of the processor outputs as a file on a storage device (hard drive, etc).

  • Click UPDATE to overwrite the currently selected Snapshot with the current processor settings.

  • Click RECALL to overwrite the settings of the processor with those of the selected Snapshot.

Low-Mid Beam Control tab
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

LMBC is used to alter the low-frequency directivity of LEO series models to better match the high-frequency coverage in some cases. See the Real World Low-Mid Beam Control video. Using MAPP 3D to model the result of using LMBC is the first step of analysis. Place microphones on-axis of an array at the beginning, middle, and end of coverage; use more for larger arrays. Store traces with and without LMBC and compare results. Are the traces more similar with LMBC enabled, or not? Use the method that provides the most uniform spectral tilt.

For each array, some minimum requirements must be met to use LMBC:

  • each array element is driven from a Galileo GALAXY output, one element per output1

  • array minimum length must be exceeded

  • the angle between the top center line and the bottom center line cannot exceed limits

Constraints are built in and an error displayed in the Outputs column (x below) if the entered values exceed established limits that would negatively affect directivity.

  • Control Type: Beam Spread or Steer, make selection based on design goals and coverage needs

  • Elements per Output: number of array elements (loudspeakers) connected to a single processor output

  • Start on Output: the processor output channel number connected to the element at the top of the array2

  • No. of Elements: total number of elements in one array

  • Element Location:

    • for arrays driven by one processor or the first processor driving an array that uses outputs from multiple processors, select 1

    • for a second processor driving the same array, select the number of processor outputs of the first processor driving the array, plus one

  • Product Type: select model of array elements3

  • Array Splay: angle between the center lines of the top and bottom elements of an array, available in Object Settings tab, see below image

  • Associated Outputs:

    • when enabled and valid parameters selected, displays output channels LMBC is applied to and the average All Pass filter setting4

    • if parameters are out of limits, an error is displayed

Note

  1. If an array is long enough, two array elements per processor output is allowed. An error will be displayed if an array is too short.

  2. Subsequent processor output channels are connected to corresponding array elements in order, starting at the top of the array.

  3. LMBC is not available for mixed-model arrays.

  4. Set All Pass filters on processor outputs connected to loudspeakers in close proximity to the array using LMBC with these parameters.

TotalAngle.png

Object Settings – Loudspeaker Array Selected, Total Splay

Remove signal processor
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

To remove a signal processor from a project, select the Processor Settings tab, select a processor from the drop-down menu, and click the DELETE button at the top of the tab. Loudspeakers assigned to a deleted processor are no longer assigned to a processor and output channel.

To assign loudspeakers or arrays to a remaining processor and channel, select a loudspeaker or an array in Model View, then select the Object Settings tab. Make new processor and output channel selections using the drop-down menus.

ProcDeleteAssign2.png

Object Settings, Loudspeaker Array – Processor and Output Channels Not Assigned

Signal processors
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Add loudspeakers
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Add loudspeakers to a project to optimize location and determine the appropriate loudspeaker type and model. Several types of loudspeaker systems and individual loudspeakers are available to be added to a project. Six different types of arrays and individual loudspeakers are available.

Ldspkr_Type_Sel.png

Insert Loudspeaker – Type Selection

Insert loudspeaker
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
Procedure. To insert a loudspeaker:
  1. Select Insert, and then select Loudspeaker system.

  2. Select a loudspeaker system type in the drop-down menu2.svg.

  3. Enter a unique name 3.svg.

  4. Select a layer 4.svg.

  5. Enter location coordinates  6.svg and rotation 7.svg.

  6. Make other selections based on loudspeaker type.

Figure 4.
Ldspkr_Insert6.png

Insert Loudspeaker – Flown Loudspeaker System

  1. Refresh Preview  if the preview is not synchronized with array parameters

  2. Loudspeaker/Array Type select type of loudspeaker or array

  3. Loudspeaker/Array Name user defined name

  4. Layer select a layer for the loudspeaker or array

  5. Reference Point defines where the coordinate position is located

  6. Reference Point Position is the XYZ coordinate of the Reference Point

  7. Rotation About Reference angle of rotation for each axis

    Note

    Some array configurations are not physically possible in practice.

  8. Center Lines toggles visibility of lines indicating where the loudspeaker is pointed

  9. Total Array Splay angular value between the center lines of the first and last array elements

  10. Add/Subtract array elements

  11. Loudspeaker Model selection of available models by array type

  12. ID number of the loudspeaker element in the array

  13. Splay angle between array elements, constrained to available hardware angles

  14. Center Line toggle for this element of the array

  15. Processor Assignment for this element of the array, processor and processor output channel

  16. Rigging size and weight data

  17. Safety Limits Analysis (feature coming soon…)

  18. Electrical Consumption of array, maximum current draw at the onset of limiting using pink noise



Common properties and preferences

Where to edit loudspeaker properties
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Loudspeaker and array properties can be edited in two places: Express Settings and Object Settings.

Reposition loudspeaker(s)
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Loudspeakers and arrays can be moved within the boundary limits of the model using two methods:

  1. Select a loudspeaker or an array in the model.

  2. Click-drag the reference point (yellow sphere) to a new location.

or

  1. Select a loudspeaker or an array in the model.

  2. In the Express Settings pane or Object Settings tab, enter new values or select a value (double-click) and use the up/down arrow keys.

Express settings
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The basic parameters of an array or a loudspeaker are viewed and edited in the Express Settings pane. Use the Express Settings drop-down to select the desired object. Changes are viewed in the Model View immediately. This is helpful when changing splay angles between elements of an array, for example.

Object settings

All parameters of an array or a loudspeaker are viewed and edited in the Object Settings tab. Select the loudspeaker or array in Model View. Select Object Settings tab to edit parameters. Changes are viewed in the Model View immediately. Double-click tab label to un-dock, top bar of window to dock again.

Note

Zoom, pan, and orbit are available in the preview pane of the Object Settings tab (right below).

Exp_Obj_Set_Ldspkr.png

Express Settings – Flown Loudspeaker Array, Model View Tab, Object Settings – Loudspeaker System

View menu
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The View menu drop-down offers several helpful visual markers related to loudspeakers and arrays that are toggled on/off. Please see View menu.

View_Ldspkr.png

View Menu – Loudspeaker Selections

Loudspeaker type details
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Each array type has some properties and preferences that are unique and which are listed below.

Auto Splay
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

For flown loudspeaker systems, Auto Splay calculates the angles between elements of an array for the best coverage, depending on the number of elements selected for a prediction plane. You can adjust splay angles to satisfy your design goals.

Auto Splay requires at least one flown or ground-stacked loudspeaker array and one geometry. When viewed from above, the center lines of the array need to intersect the geometry before Auto Splay is functional. In some instances, when using Auto Splay with multiple geometries that overlap in the X/Y plane, additional editing of the splay angles may be required.

Procedure. To set Auto Splay parameters:
  1. In Tools, select Auto Splay.

  2. Select a Loudspeaker System 1.svg.

  3. Select Prediction Plane(s) 2.svg.

  4. Select Unassigned Elements  3.svg (number of array elements allotted to each prediction plane); can be zero, see note below.

  5. Select Aiming Factor (how many array elements are aimed above end of prediction plane) 4.svg.

  6. Select Smallest Splay Limit(s) and Largest Splay Limit(s) 5.svg.

    Note

    Elements Linear Coverage is the average distance between center lines of the array 6.svg. This represents the coverage density for the prediction plane. For multiple prediction planes, adjust the number of elements selected for each prediction plane to most closely match the Elements Linear Coverage values.

The Prediction Plane table lists the prediction planes that are on-axis of the array elements.

AutoSplay_Dialog2.png

Auto Splay window

AutoSplay_MV.png

Model View – before and after Auto Splay

Ground-stacked loudspeaker systems
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The loudspeaker model drop-down list is constrained to those models that are suitable for a ground stack.

GndStk_Insert.png

Insert Loudspeaker – Ground Stacked Loudspeaker System

Gradient flown subwoofer array
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Gradient subwoofer arrays have some elements facing forward (front) and others facing rearward (rear), in addition to signal processing, to create a cardioid coverage pattern. Additional features of this dialog (refer to figure below):

  • Array elements are identified as Front or Rear to indicate the physical orientation.

  • Array polarity reverse maintains the polarity difference between front and rear elements.

  • Elements are not individually added or removed. The quantities available optimize the array directivity.

  • Front and rear elements are routed to different processor outputs because the polarity is opposite between front-facing and rear-facing elements.

  • The Steering Delay selection automatically adds additional delay time to the processor output assigned to the rear-facing elements, which is different for each model.

Note

The Steering Delay time in MAPP 3D is different than the delay time used when the array is deployed. The datasets in MAPP 3D do not include the distance/time for sound to travel around the loudspeaker enclosure. The deployment delay time will be longer.

GrdSub_Insert1.png

Insert Loudspeaker – Gradient Flown Subwoofer Array

Point source array system
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Available Point Source Array Systems models are constrained to full-range, point-source models that can be arranged in clusters with Meyer Sound-provided hardware. Available splay angles between elements are supported by Meyer hardware.

PntSrc_Insert.png

Insert Loudspeaker – Point Source Array System

N-Point source array system
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Used to build arrays, including the rigging options. These are currently constrained to only horizontal arrays. (coming soon, vertical rows)

N-Point_Insert2.png

Insert Loudspeaker – N-Point Source Array System

Individual loudspeaker
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Select this loudspeaker type to insert an individual loudspeaker. The Reference Point is selectable from the drop-down. CRDM (Center of Rotation During Measurement) is the point inside a loudspeaker that was the point of rotation when the loudspeaker data was recorded in our anechoic chamber.

Ind_Ldspkr1.png

Insert Loudspeaker – Individual Loudspeaker

Where to edit loudspeaker properties
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Loudspeaker and array properties can be edited in two places: Express Settings and Object Settings.

Flown Loudspeaker System
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Flown Loudspeakers Systems are line array systems, including full-range models, subwoofers, or both (notes refer to the figure below).

First Array Element:

  • Rigging grid selection 1.svg . Grids that can be rotated to change where the center of gravity of the loudspeaker array intersects the grid; will have a Forward and Rearward option. Forward is marked as Maximum Uptilt on the grid label and Rearward is marked as Maximum Downtilt.

  • Once the array grid angle and array element splays are optimized for coverage, note the front and rear rigging loads. Select the opposite grid orientation and note the rigging loads again. Compare the results and use the grid orientation that most evenly spreads the load between front and rear rigging points.

Second Array Element:

  • The loudspeaker model options of this drop-down are constrained by the grid selection 2.svg .

Splay Angles:

  • The first angle is the splay between the grid and the top loudspeaker . For models that have splay options at this connection point, the available hardware angles are listed in the drop-down. The subsequent angles are between each element and the element above it . In the example below, the splay between ID2 and ID1 is 1.0 degree, between ID3 and ID2 1.5 degrees.

    Fln_Sys.png

    Insert Loudspeaker – Flown Loudspeaker System

Design reference
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The art and science of system design has grown to include a substantial amount of information. This guide attempts to cover the topics most likely to be considered when designing systems in MAPP 3D with Meyer Sound products. It is intended as a general guide, a place to start. Information will be added to this section over time.

Sound systems usually include compromises, some of them made during the system design process. Budget, coverage needs, maximum SPL, size, weight, rigging locations and limitations, user expectation, and more, all play into choices made when creating a design. Deciding how many of those real compromises to include in the original design is up to you, the designer. It may be worth creating an ideal design and then incorporating logical compromises in another version of the design. This approach offers the opportunity for discussion of both designs with decision makers later in the process and for a different set of compromises to be made to the ideal design based on new information.

We are happy to help answer application-specific questions. Contact us at: www.meyersound.com/contact, and select Technical Support.

General Concepts:

  • Pick the best loudspeaker model for the design, put it in the right location, and point it the right direction.

  • Provide homogeneous coverage for all audience locations. Don’t provide coverage where there is no audience.

Delay integration
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Delay Integration adjusts the phase response of loudspeakers to be the same across loudspeaker model families. If the loudspeaker models of a system all belong to the same family, Delay Integration is not needed. When a system includes loudspeaker models from different families, using Delay Integration is the first step to complete when optimizing the system.

The Phase Curves (PC) are labeled by the frequency value where the resulting phase response of the loudspeaker model shifts by 180 degrees. PC selection is made in the Processor Settings tab on each output channel.

Select the loudspeaker model and PC value. Select the lowest PC value available for all models of loudspeakers that are used in a system.

SPL evaluation
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Use different test signals available to evaluate system maximum SPL capabilities in Measurement View tab, Headroom tab. Pink Noise, B-Noise, and M-noise are available. Use B-Noise to evaluate maximum output for speech content, M-Noise for music evaluation.

Adjust the Generator Level to increase the output until loudspeaker(s) in design reach maximum output (listed under microphone selection in Headroom tab).

Line arrays
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Line array directivity is controlled by two functions: amplitude steering and phase steering.

High-frequency vertical directivity is very directional, becoming more narrow as frequency rises (intentionally to avoid comb filtering). This directivity is accomplished using manifolds and horns. The inter-element splay angles significantly affect the coverage of an array.

High-frequency horizontal directivity is also very directional but fixed, all frequencies reproduced; ideally, will have the same horizontal coverage angle, constant directivity.

Low-frequency vertical directivity is affected by the length of the array, trim height, and grid angle. The inter-element splay angles have little effect.

Evaluation
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Pressure plots
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP 3D provides two different methods to evaluate the performance of a system design:

  • The first shows sound pressure distribution on geometry for a narrow range of frequencies—up to one octave wide—in the Model View tab. These are often referred to as pressure plots.

  • The second is to add virtual microphones to the model in strategic locations to evaluate the broadband response and maximum acoustic output. See Measurement View.

Pressure plots displayed on geometry in the Model View tab enable visualization of coverage and loudspeaker-to-loudspeaker interactions on any geometry selected for prediction. A pressure plot can be up to one octave wide, a periscope view of the entire band spectrum. Below, the image on the left is a one-octave wide prediction, centered at 4 kHz. The data from the microphone location in the Model View (left, below) is represented in the Measurement View (right, below). When the prediction bandwidth is one octave, the data points highlighted in the Measurement View are averaged and the level is represented using colors in the Model View.

PredictSPLBandwidthExpl6.png

Model View Periscope View of Bandwidth (left) and Measurement View, One Octave, Centered at 4 kHz, Highlighted (right)

Generally, a one-octave prediction at 4 kHz is representative of high-frequency coverage. A one-octave prediction at 250 Hz is representative of mid-band frequencies. As frequency decreases to the subwoofer range, 1/3-octave predictions from 100 Hz down to the lowest frequencies the system reproduces are effective in analyzing coverage and loudspeaker-loudspeaker interactions.

Prediction planes are acoustically transparent in the model, except for geometry selected as Ground Plane. See Ground Plane.

The graphic representation of sound pressure in MAPP 3D has several parameters located on the main application window and in the FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS menu, both on the Appearance and SPL tabs. These are described below.

Model View pressure plots
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

To generate a pressure plot on geometry, the model must include:

  • At least one loudspeaker on a visible layer

  • At least one prediction plane (geometry selected for Prediction) on a visible layer

  • Processor channel must be assigned and un-muted with level above -∞ dB

Select the following for a prediction:

  • Generator level 1.svg

  • Signal type 2.svg

  • Width of prediction, up to one octave 3.svg

  • Range of frequencies – no options when width is one octave 3.svg

  • enter frequency 4.svg

Click PREDICT (cmd-R) to generate a pressure plot on the prediction planes. Click CLEAR to remove pressure plot from prediction planes.

Pred_Select.png

Model View Tab, Prediction Parameters

Signal generator
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The generator level and signal type affect the SPL results.

The generator level is adjustable between -90 dB and +50 dB

The generator signals available are:

  • Pink Noise is generated by SIM, which has a 12.5 dB difference between peak and average levels (crest factor).

  • B-Noise is SIM pink noise filtered with a B-weighting curve. Use B-Noise to more accurately predict the maximum output of a system when speech is the input signal.

  • M-Noise is a signal that closely represents the peak-to-average ratio as a function of frequency expected of music, currently under consideration by an AES standards committee. Below 500 Hz Pink Noise and M-Noise are functionally the same. For more information, please see m-noise.org.

Weight_Curves.png

Weighting Curves – A, B, C, and Z

SPL tab parameters
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Adjust the Project Settings parameters to change how pressure plots are displayed. Use the FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS menu (cmd-shift-P) and select the SPL tab to access these settings.

ProjSet_SPL.png

Project Settings – SPL Tab

SPL scaling
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When SPL is selected, the average SPL (not peak) is represented by colors for the selected bandwidth. The default range and value settings can be changed by clicking the MANUAL buttons (above) and entering new values.

The Max Value is the loudest level plotted. If levels exceed this value, the area is plotted in white. Increase the Max Value until white is no longer displayed, see below.

The Min Range is the number of dB below the Max Value that will be plotted. If the prediction plane is plotted black, the SPL values are below the level range plotted. To plot as colors other than black, decrease the Max Value or increase the Min Range value, see below.

SPLRangeExpl.png

Model View –  SPL, Change Only to Max Value Level: 85 dB (left), 100 dB (middle), and 115 dB (right)

When a loudspeaker is predicted with the Max Value = 75 dB, SPL values of 70 dB are plotted in red, (1) below. When the Max Value is set to 87 dB, 70 dB is plotted as yellow, (2) below. It’s the same data, just scaled and plotted differently.

For (2) below, when the Range = 42 dB, 42 dB of attenuation below the Max Value of 87 dB is plotted. In (3) below, when the Range = 30 dB, levels between 87 dB and 57 dB are plotted. 70 dB is now plotted as a light blue color. Again, it is the same data, just scaled and displayed differently.

PredictSPLRanges4.png

Model View Predictions, SPL Mode – Same Data Represented Differently Based on SPL Max Level and Min Range Settings

The SPL values are only for the range of frequencies selected. When narrower prediction bandwidths are selected, the SPL values decrease. The pressure plots below use the same parameters for the same loudspeaker, the only change is the bandwidth of the prediction.

PredictSPLOctWidth.png

Model View, SPL – Less SPL as Bandwidth Narrows

Resolution
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Resolution determines the number of colors used to represent pressure. Select Full Resolution, or level deviation per color used. The number of colors used to plot SPL or Attenuation can be helpful in different ways. Full Resolution uses a large number of colors to represent pressure, which are impressive images to include with a proposal. Using the 3 dB/color or 6 dB/color resolution settings makes determining coverage areas more obvious.

When changing between resolutions, no re-calculation is performed, the application only re-renders the prediction data.

PredictResolution2.png

Model View – Resolution Settings, Full Resolution, 0.5 dB, 1 dB, 3 dB, and 6dB Per Color

Attenuation range
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The Attenuation selection uses colors to represent attenuation, normalized to the point on all of the prediction planes that has the highest pressure level. The color at the top of the scale (0 dB)  represents this point. All other points are equal or less in level, represented by colors indicating level of attenuation.

To modify the range of SPL represented, click MANUAL and enter a higher or lower range of attenuation to display. This is the level of attenuation from 0 dB that will be plotted.

AttenRange2.png

Model View – Attenuation, Min Range 42 dB, 30 dB, and 18dB

Attenuation examples
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When using Attenuation mode, the level is relative to the loudest source. It is not intuitive that a subwoofer predicted at one-octave, 4 kHz appears to be very loud (below). It is in fact 30-40 dB lower in level at 4 kHz than within its operating range. Because the subwoofer is the loudest source in the model at this range of frequencies, the 0 dB color is plotted nearest this loudspeaker.

Att_Sub_Only.png

Model View – Subwoofer Prediction, One-Octave, 4 kHz

If a small, full-range loudspeaker (MM-4XP) is added to the model, the 0 dB color is plotted nearest the full-range loudspeaker because it is much louder than the subwoofer at 4 kHz.

Att_Sub_MM4.png

Model View – Subwoofer and Mid-High Loudspeaker Prediction, One-Octave, 4 kHz

Appearance tab parameters
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Adjust the Project Settings parameters to change how pressure plots are displayed. Use the PROJECT SETTINGS menu (cmd-shift-P) and select the APPEARANCE tab to access these settings.

PS_Apperance2.png

Project Settings – Appearance Tab, Mesh Density and Pressure Map Opacity

Mesh density
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The Mesh Density selection determines the resolution of the SPL map, and affects both calculation time and how detailed the pressure plot will be. A higher density has more points on the listening planes, creating a highly detailed pressure plot that takes longer to calculate than lower mesh densities (see below).

ResCompVHVL.png

Model View Prediction – Mesh Density Setting Very Low (left), Very High (right)

Pressure Map opacity
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Pressure Map Opacity changes the opacity of the prediction data in the Model View tab, 1.0 is opaque, 0.1 is almost transparent. (see below).

Transarent_Plot.png

Model View – Pressure Map Opacity 1.0 and 0.7

Data Near Loudspeaker
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Each loudspeaker data set has a small data void around the loudspeaker, intentionally.

DataHole2.png

Model View – Data Not Available Within One Meter

Example uses
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Example 1: The Model View image below is of a one-octave, 4 kHz, 3 dB/color prediction. The colors indicate level on-axis 1.svg , -3 dB down 2.svg, -6 dB down 3.svg for the octave centered at 4 kHz. When in SPL mode, the SPL values are for the bandwidth of the prediction only, one octave in this case. Relative pressure levels are available in Attenuation mode, the same as in MAPP XT.

Coverage-3-6b.png

Model View – One Octave, 4 kHz, 3 dB/Color, SPL Prediction – On-Axis (1), -3 dB (2), -6 dB (3)

Example 2: To evaluate coverage of a loudspeaker model using a standard level of variance for designs, +/- 3 dB or 6 dB, one option is to select Attenuation, Min Range = 12 dB.  The first two colors indicate where coverage is within the design limits. The center of the red area is relative 0 dB. Between the red and yellow color is 3 dB less level. Between the yellow and green color is another 3 dB less level.

AttEval2.png

Model View – Attenuation, Range = 12 dB, Colors Represent Relative Level

Below, three different loudspeaker models are evaluated with slight location and aiming changes. On the left, the coverage is too narrow, even if the loudspeaker were better aimed. In the middle, there is too much level variation from front to rear. On the right, almost the entire half of the seating area is within 6 dB for the octave centered at 4 kHz. Fills may be necessary for rear of seating. For model selection, placement, and aiming, this viewing strategy is efficient.

AttEval1.png

Model View – Attenuation, Range = 12 dB, Evaluate Loudspeaker Location, Orientation, and Model Selection for Coverage

Measurement view
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

MAPP 3D provides two different methods to evaluate the performance of a system design:

  • The first is by showing sound pressure distribution over listening planes for a narrow range of frequencies—up to one octave wide—in the Model View tab. See Pressure plots.

  • The second is to add virtual microphones to the model in strategic locations to evaluate the broadband response and maximum acoustic output. This option is described below.

Analysis using only one of these methods is only partial analysis. Although it is true that most design work can be effectively accomplished using only Measurement View data, Model View predictions can inform microphone placement and help identify instances of coverage beyond the audience area(s).

To display prediction data in the Measurement View tab, at least one loudspeaker and one microphone must be added to the model.

Add microphones
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Microphones are added to display broadband information and SPL values at the microphone locations.

INSERT > MICROPHONE or right-click in model, select INSERT MICROPHONE.

Use a Z-axis value representative of an average ear height.

Once inserted, microphones can be moved, copied, arrayed, mirrored, etc., in the same ways the geometry and loudspeakers are modified.

Ins_Mic.png

Insert Microphone Window

Mic_Insert.png

Model View – Microphone with Loudspeaker and Geometry

Microphone placement
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

There are many ways to approach system design and optimization; some provide more repeatable and homogeneous coverage results than others. Microphone placement is driven by design and optimization methodology. Below are some typical microphone placement methods.

Line Arrays: Generally, microphones are placed incrementally on-axis of a line array, at least at the beginning, middle, and end of coverage. For deeper coverage areas, additional microphones are placed incrementally.

Point Source Arrays: Generally, microphones are placed on-axis to the first element, at the -6 dB point1 of the first element, and on-axis of the adjacent array element.

Fills: Generally, on-axis to the larger system, at the -6 dB point1 of the larger system, and on-axis to the fill loudspeaker.

Note

1Within the range of frequencies that are directional, usually reproduced by a horn, generally 2 kHz to 20 kHz.

Frequency and IFFT response (SIM)
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The Measurement View tab is based on the architecture and nomenclature of Meyer Sound’s SIM dual-channel FFT measurement platform, which is used in our anachoic chamber to collect data for MAPP 3D.

Frequency and IFFT response (SIM) tab overview
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
Meas_View_CallOut2.png

Measurement View Tab – Frequency & IFFT Tab

  1. Plotter View Selection for each of the four panes, see options below this list

  2. Zoom tool for vertical scale

  3. Measurement Selection for processor, processor channel, microphone, smoothing level, IFFT window time, and processor trace toggle

  4. Result Amplitude selected for this plotter

  5. Vertical Scale dB/division selector

  6. Room + Processor Amplitude selected for this plotter

  7. Horizontal Zoom for each plotter

  8. Expand/Collapse Plotter to occupy entire window

  9. Result Phase response selected for this plotter

  10. IFFT impulse response selected for this plotter

  11. Propagation Delay amount of delay added to generator signal to synchronize with microphone

  12. Air Attenuation current settings

  13. Store Live Trace and name it for later recall—stores both the Headroom and Frequency & IFFT traces

  14. Visual Options select to zoom and pan plotter view, link to zoom/pan like plotters

  15. Trace Level Offset entered in dB

  16. Propagation Delay for associated trace

  17. Microphone name selected for live/stored trace

  18. Processor Output Channel active for live/stored trace

  19. Trace Recall drop-down to select stored traces

  20. Show/Hide and Color selection for traces

MeasView_Panel_Options.png

Measurement View – Frequency & IFFT, Pane View Selection Options

Frequency & IFFT response (SIM) signal patching
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

A transfer function is the difference between two signals. In order to compare them, the signals compared must be synchronized. Delay is added to the generator signal and to the processor signal to synchronize them with the microphone signal. This delay is added in MAPP 3D by clicking the Propagation Delay AUTO button. The delay time is displayed next to the AUTO button. A delay time can also be manually entered here.

AUTO_Button2.png

Measurement View, Frequency & IFFT Response Tab – Auto Propagation Delay

Three transfer functions are available: Processor, Speaker+Room, and Result, which are depicted below and used in MAPP 3D.

Note

In MAPP 3D, “Room” is the same as “Speaker + Room” used below.

SIM3_Patch.png

SIM Signal Patching and Transfer Function Names

For devices (processors and loudspeakers) that have the same performance at low and high levels, the transfer functions do not change for broadband, high density (not sparse) signals like pink noise, B-Noise, and M-Noise, which are selectable as the generator signal in MAPP 3D. The loudspeaker data sets in MAPP 3D are stored at the onset of limiting, the boundary of linear operation, which we use as the definition of maximum acoustic output.

The views available in the Frequency Response & IFFT panes are (defaults in bold):

  • Result Amplitude: the amplitude transfer function between the processor input and the microphone

  • Result Phase: the phase transfer function between the processor input and the microphone

  • Room Amplitude: the amplitude transfer function between the processor output and the microphone

  • Room Phase: the phase transfer function between the processor output and the microphone

  • Processor Amplitude: the amplitude transfer function between the input and output of the processor

  • Processor Phase: the phase transfer function between the input and output of the processor

  • Room + Processor Amplitude: the Room and Processor amplitude transfer functions displayed in the same plot

  • Room + Processor Phase: the Room and Processor phase transfer functions displayed in the same plot

  • IFFT: the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, or the impulse response. Only available as the difference between source and the microphone (Result), which includes the processor, loudspeaker, and air propagation time.

Frequency and IFFT data usage
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Observe the Result Amplitude trace as equalization and level adjustments are made if there is a target system response curve. The Result curve represents the spectral balance difference between the processor input and the loudspeaker output. If the Result trace is equal amplitude (flat), the system response will represent the input without changing the spectral balance. The proper spectral balance of a system is variable, usually based on a specification or a user’s expectation. It should be determined what the desired spectral balance of system is before committing to a design. Ensure the design has enough available headroom to reproduce the spectral content at the desired or specified level without exceeding available headroom.

Observe the Room + Processor Amplitude with the processor inverted for more precise equalization. Adjust equalization filters to match the inverted Processor trace to the Room trace; the Result will be equal amplitude (flat). It is not recommended to make equalization choices from only one microphone location for most applications. One exception would be a small control or listening room where there is only one primary listener.

Use the IFFT to synchronize arrivals of different sources:

  • measure, synchronize, and store the trace of the source that arrives latest in time

  • recall this trace (lower-left of window under Trace Name)

  • mute the first source, unmute the second source

  • click the AUTO button

The difference between the stored Propagation Delay (listed in the stored trace under Result) and the current Propagation Delay is the delay time to enter in the processor channel for the earlier arriving source to synchronize the two sources.

Signal generator
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The generator level and signal type affects the SPL results.

The generator level is adjustable between -90 dB and +50 dB.

The generator signals available are:

  • Pink Noise is generated by SIM, which has a 12.5 dB difference between peak and average levels (crest factor).

  • B-Noise is SIM pink noise filtered with a B-weighting curve. Use B-Noise to more accurately predict the maximum output of a system when speech is the input signal.

  • M-Noise is a signal that closely represents the peak and average signals present in music. Currently under consideration by an AES standards committee. For more information, please see M-Noise.org.

Weight_Curves2.png

Weighting Curves – A, B, C, and Z

View options
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Click-drag in any pane to display horizontal and vertical axis values.

Select ENABLE WINDOW CENTERING to vertically center amplitude plots.

Window_Centering.png

Select Enable Window Centering to Plot Traces at Vertical Center

The LINK ALL option links the Zoom and Pan settings for all like traces. All amplitude plots will have their Zoom/Pan settings linked. All phase plots will have their Zoom/Pan settings linked.

Zoom enables the use of the mouse wheel to zoom in/out of any pane.

Pan enables click-drag panning within a pane to view the entire plot when zoomed in.

Trace display
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Up to five traces can be displayed in the data plots at the same time: the live trace and four previously stored traces. Each trace will be identified by the selected Output Channel, Microphone, and Propagation Delay. Enter offset values in dB for any trace.

Trace management
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

TOOLS > TRACE MANAGEMENT

Traces can be deleted by opening the Trace Management window from the Tools drop-down menu. Select the trace(s) to delete, click DELETE. When traces are stored, both the Frequency & IFFT and the Headroom data is stored using one name.

Headroom tab overview
meyer-blue-rule-line.png
HdRm_CalloutHres2.png

Measurement View Tab – Headroom Tab

  1. Vertical Zoom of dBSPL axis

  2. Microphone Selection for live trace

  3. Headroom for Individual Loudspeakers remaining(+) or exceeded(-), relative to maximum linear output

  4. Trace Toggles show/hide different plotter data, see below

  5. Store Live Trace stores both the Headroom and Frequency & IFFT traces

  6. Visual Options select to zoom and pan plotter view

  7. SPL Values maximum SPL, dependent on generator signal type and level

  8. Horizontal Zoom of plotter pane

  9. Microphone name selected for live/stored trace

  10. Trace Recall Selection drop-down to select stored traces

  11. Show/Hide corresponding trace

  12. Vertical Scale dB/division selector

Trace toggles
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Make selections to show/hide available traces.

  • Show Peak Spectrum

  • Show RMS Spectrum

SPL values
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The SPL values are dependent on signal generator level and signal type selected.

  • Average SPL (A-weighted) – broadband pink noise or B-Noise value

  • Average SPL (C-weighted) – broadband pink noise or B-Noise value

  • Average SPL (Z-no weighting) – broadband pink noise, B-Noise or M-Noise value

  • Linear Peak SPL – broadband pink noise, B-Noise or M-Noise value

  • Max Linear Peak SPL – ultimate broadband peak SPL that can be achieved if all elements of the system are phase-matched and time-aligned to the microphone position. This is a static value, unchanged by Generator level adjustments or processor output gain adjustments. While this is not a realistic operational level, it is helpful when determining whether a loudspeaker system is capable of achieving a specified SPL value.

Headroom data
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The Headroom tab is used to determine the maximum SPL by 1/3 octave band and broadband output. This measurement is a single ended measurement, not a transfer function. Selecting different generator levels and signals will affect the SPL results. The available headroom for each loudspeaker of the system is listed (3 above).

The data in the plotter changes color depending on which signal generator choice is made:

  • Pink – Pink Noise

  • Blue – B-Noise

  • Yellow – M-Noise

Trace display
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Up to five traces can be displayed in the data plots at the same time: the live trace and four previously stored traces. Each trace will be identified by the selected Output Channel, Microphone, and Propagation Delay. Enter offset values in dB for any trace.

Trace management
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

TOOLS > TRACE MANAGEMENT

Traces can be deleted by opening the Trace Management window from the Tools drop-down menu. Select the trace(s) to delete, click DELETE. When traces are stored, both the Frequency & IFFT and the Headroom data is stored using one name.

MAPP 3D SPL vs. product datasheet SPL
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

The data presented in MAPP 3D matches real-world measurements and our datasheets. However, comparisons need to be completed in a manner that is representative of the loudspeaker to microphone distance and the acoustic environment. Meyer Sound Laboratories typically lists Linear Peak SPL on the product datasheets for broadband models as:

  • measured in free-field at 4 m, referred to 1 m. Loudspeaker SPL compression measured with M-noise at the onset of limiting, 2-hour duration, and 50-degree C ambient temperature is < 2 dB.

For subwoofers, the product data sheet typically lists Linear Peak SPL as:

  • measured in half-space at 4 m referred to 1 m. Loudspeaker SPL compression measured with M-noise at the onset of limiting, 2-hour duration, and 50-degree C ambient temperature is < 2 dB.

LabSetupSPLComparison.png

MAPP 3D, Lab 1.0 HR Project – Loudspeaker Face at 0 m ,0 m, 0 m, Microphone at 4 m, 0 m, 0 m

When loudspeaker data sets are acquired in our anachoic chamber, the distance between the loudspeaker and microphone is 4 meters. But, the industry typically specifies maximum SPL at a 1 meter distance. To convert a free-field, 4 meter test result to a 1 meter test result, the inverse square law is applied* and +12 dB is added to the result of the 4 meter test in free-field. This SPL value is listed on the loudspeaker data sheet making comparison to other 1 meter specifications simple.

For comparison of half-space, 1 meter measurements, where both the microphone and loudspeaker are on the ground, sound is radiated in one-half the area of the free-field measurement. Another +6 dB SPL is added because the radiation area is halved. Add +18 dB SPL to the result of a 4 meter, free-field measurement to compare it to a 1 meter, ground plane measurement.

To replicate this example in MAPP 3D:

  • open the Template Lab 1.0 HR (FILE > OPEN TEMPLATE)

  • move the microphone to 4 m, 0 m, 0 m (x, y, z coordinates)

  • place the loudspeaker face at 0 m, 0 m, 0 m (x, y, z coordinates)

  • predict using any of the noise sources

  • free-field: add +12 dB to the predicted Max Linear Peak SPL value in MAPP 3D

  • half-space: add +18 dB to the predicted Max Linear Peak SPL value in MAPP 3D

This result matches the Linear Peak SPL listed on the product datasheet.

* When the distance from a sound source is doubled, -6 dB SPL is lost. When the distance is halved, +6 dB SPL is gained. In this instance, 4 meters halved is 2 meters, and +6 dB SPL is gained. When 2 meters is halved, another +6 dB SPL is gained. In free-space, the SPL difference between a 4 meter measurement and a 1 meter measurement is +12  dB SPL.

Export documents
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Various types of project information can be exported from MAPP 3D. Most are found in the FILE > EXPORT menu.

Model view screenshot
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Exports a screenshot of the Model View. Select PNG or JPEG and Resolution, enter file name and select directory to save.

ExpScrnCap.png

Export Model View Screenshot Dialog

Measurement view screenshot
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Exports a screenshot of the Frequency & IFFT or Headroom, whichever is selected. Select PNG or JPEG and Resolution, enter file name and select directory to save.

ExpScrnCap_MeasView.png

Export Measurement View Screenshot Dialog

Microphone data
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Exports an XLS file that includes detailed information of every virtual microphone in the project.

Inventory to Excel
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Exports an XLS file listing all of the hardware included in a project, e.g., loudspeakers, rigging hardware, and processors.

Processor patch list
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Exports a PDF of the signal processing patch list for each processor in the project.

Export model view DXF
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Exports a DXF file that includes all of the loudspeakers in the project drawn and positioned using the coordinate system of the MAPP3D project. This is useful for integrating MAPP 3D designs with external documentation for the project or application.

Loudspeaker system report
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Select a loudspeaker or loudspeaker system in Model View, right-click, and select Loudspeaker System Report. A detailed report is created. Click GENERATE to save the PDF.

More
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

All settings and preferences
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

This section provides the complete list of settings and preferences available in the MAPP 3D application.

Project settings
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS Parameters in this window define the workspace and how the application presents data.

Units
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Select the preferred unit of measure for each of the listed parameters.

projectsettings-units.png

Project Settings – Units

Environment
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Temperature, humidity, and altitude settings are used to model high-frequency loss due to air absorption. Select USE AIR ATTENUATION (on by default) to include this feature when predicting.

The source voltage, which affects the current draw estimates, is selected here. Voltage selection can also be changed using the drop-down in the main application window.

projectsettings-environment.png

Project Settings – Environment

Appearance
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Set Axis Limits boundary limits (size) of the workspace in Model View. These settings control the maximum/minimum XYZ coordinates of the Model. Objects cannot be placed outside of the defined space.

Mesh Density determines the resolution of the SPL map and affects both calculation time and how detailed the map will be. A higher density will ‘sample’ more points on the listening planes, which takes longer and creates a highly detailed pressure plot.

Select Color Scheme as White for better viewing outdoors.

Project-Settings3.png

Project Settings – Appearance

SPL
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When SPL units are selected, absolute SPL values within the selected range (e.g., for one octave, centered at 4 kHz) will be plotted on the listening planes. When Attenuation is selected, levels will be displayed as relative attenuation from the loudest sound source (similar to MAPP XT). Resolution determines how SPL maps are displayed—full resolution, or various increments in level with each color change.

This tab can also be accessed directly by right-clicking in Model View and selecting Set Max SPL.

proejctsettings-spl.png

Project Settings – SPL

Processor
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When selected, Atmos. Corr. Response enables the display of the compensation filters in the Processor Settings tab used to correct for high-frequency air absorption.

proejctsettings-processor.png

Project Settings – Processor

Measurement
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

These preferences change the plotting scales in the Measurement View tab. These parameters can also be changed in the Measurement View tab by clicking icons next to the plotters.

Select ENABLE WINDOW CENTERING to vertically center amplitude plots.

PS_Measurement.png

Project Settings – Measurement

View menu
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Use the View menu to choose optional items shown in the Model View tab. Click on an item to toggle on/off.

View_Menu2.png

View Menu

Center lines
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Center Lines indicate the direction a loudspeaker is pointing. This is the global control. Each loudspeaker or loudspeaker array also has a center line preference, changed either in the Express Settings tab or Object Settings tab.

Geometry has a preference for Through. When selected, the center lines will go through the geometry. If not selected, the center line will terminate at the geometry. This is useful to determine if there is line of site between a loudspeaker and a seating area (for example, under-balcony seating).

Through_2.png

Center Lines Selected, Balcony Not Selected Through, Orchestra Selected Through

Center of gravity (COG)
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When selected, Center of Gravity (COG) turns on the indicator in Model View. Used to determine minimum/maximum uptilt or downtilt of array grids. Used to determine which center pick-up point to use to achieve a specific up/downtilt of grids with center pick-up bars. Select array to view intersection of COG marker and rigging holes of center bar.

COG6.png

Center of Gravity Indicator

Base marker
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

For loudspeaker arrays in Model View, the Base Marker indicates the point on the vertical axis (Z) of an array closest to the Z plane (usually the floor or ground).

Base_Marker.png

Base Marker Indicator

Front / rear rig point marker
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

When selected, indicates the front and/or rear rigging point of a grid used to suspend a flown loudspeaker array.

Rigging_Point_Marker.png

Front and Rear Rigging Point Indicators

Grid
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

In Model View, toggles reference grid on/off. Also found in FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS, Appearance tab: with Resolution, Scale, and Opacity preferences

Grid scale
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

In Model View, toggles numeric labeling of grid lines at boundary of pane. Also found in FILE > PROJECT SETTINGS, Appearance tab

Grid_Scale.png

Grid Scale

Zoom to extents
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

In Model View, zooms to include all objects in the model.

Perspective view
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

By default, Model View displays a parallel view. Zoom in/out when in top, bottom, left or right views does not change the appearance. For a more 3D view, select Perspective. When zoomed in/out, the appearance is similar to that of reality.

Persp-Parallel_1.png

Model View – Perspective View (top), default Parallel View (bottom)

Camera points
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Displays the camera locations for cameras that have viewpoints within the axis limits, shown as grey pyramids. The default camera views are not displayed. User created cameras are displayed.

Camera-View-1024x345.png

Model View – Three Camera Points

Export overlay
meyer-blue-rule-line.png

Adds a highlight box to the Model View tab to indicate the area of the window that will be exported. Select orientation and size from the sub-menu.

Export_Overlay2.png

Model View – Export Overlay Selected